1. Catalyst LABEL EACH PART OF THE WATER CYCLE 1 1 7 7 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 5 5

2. Agenda Review – Hydrosphere Heads Up (vocabulary) Cloze Exit Ticket (socrative)

3. Freshwater and Oceans

4. Freshwater Water without salt – Lakes, rivers, streams HOW IS A RIVER FORMED??

5. Freshwater Watershed - area of land that contains a common set of streams and rivers that all drain into a single larger body of water, such as a larger river, a lake or an ocean River basin – area of lands where all of the water drains into 1 river

6. Freshwater RUNOFF contains the most POLLUTION Easily picks up garbage, chemicals, and waste

7. Oceans NOT JUST WATER….. Salt too – Salinity – amount of salt in water Ocean Structure – Colder, SALTIER water is more DENSE and SINKS – Surface water temperature changes much more than deep water – WHY??.....

8. Why are oceans salty? As water flows in rivers, it picks up small amounts of mineral salts from the rocks and soil of the river beds This very-slightly salty water flows into the oceans and seas The water in the oceans only leaves by evaporating (and the freezing of polar ice), but the salt remains dissolved in the ocean - it does not evaporate So the remaining water gets saltier and saltier as time passes.

9. Saltiest Water The saltiest water is in the Red Sea and in the Persian Gulf – due to very high evaporation rates and low fresh water influx The least salty seas are in the polar regions, where both melting polar ice and a lot of rain dilute the salinity

10. Oceans Vertical water movement – Upwelling – water rich in nutrients from the bottom rises – Excellent for fisheries – Downwelling – water rich in dissolved gases sinks – Brings OXYGEN to the bottom of the ocean

11. Oceans Currents – Continuous movement of ocean water – Caused by temperature and density of the water – Sunlight, wind, earth’s rotation – Controls climate of nearby continents – Carries warm, equator water up to Northern continents Density current Surface current

12. Ocean: Density Currents Moves slowly and deeply Causes: Different temperature » Warm water rises » cool water sinks Different salinities » Saltier water sinks

13. Ocean: Surface Currents Affect the upper few hundred meters of the ocean Move quickly – From wind Causes: Earth’s global wind system from the rotation of Earth’s axis

16. How has the the ocean has affected the climate in ENC compared to in Charlotte?

17. Waves Rhythmic movement of the ocean water Caused by WIND

18. Tides The periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies of water Caused by the gravitational pull of the moon – Because liquids move more easily than solids.

19. Tides High tide – Water bulges towards the moon (opposite side too) Low tide *** 2 high tides and 2 low tides a day***

20. Tides Neap tide – Moderate tide heights sun, Earth, and moon form a 90 degree angle Spring tide – Extreme tide heights (low low tides and high high tides) Sun, Earth, and the moon are aligned

21. Tides

22. Why are oceans blue? Sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet Some of the sunlight is reflected off the surface of the water » In deep water, much of the sunlight is scattered by the oxygen in the water, and this scatters more of the blue light.

23. Some ways we damage the ocean… Garbage Sewage Oil Spills Eutrophication (excess nutrients in water) Overfishing

24. Agenda Review – Hydrosphere Heads Up (vocabulary) Cloze Exit Ticket (socrative)

25. Team Attack 6 different groups

26. the water travels into lakes, rivers, and streams

27. water falling from the sky; comes in different forms

28. the sun causes the water to change to a gas

29. water vapor is collected and forms clouds

30. water evaporates off of a plant leaf

31. water that makes up the majority of rivers, lakes, streams

32. water without salt

33. collection of water

34. found under the earth’s surface; aquifer

35. water changing from liquid to gas

36. water changing from gas to liquid

37. formation of clouds

38. evaporation from plants

39. cause of steam from boiling water

40. rain, snow, sleet, hail

41. cause of water droplets on the outside of a cold water bottle

42. What causes ocean currents?

43. What causes tides?

44. What is a current?

45. How do currents affect world climate? 4 X’s

46. Which human activity directly affects the quality of freshwater resources? a.Depleting the ozone layer b.Burning gasoline in car engines c.Throwing trash into assigned areas d.Allowing runoff from agricultural (fertilized) fields