1. Taxonomy of Plants
Identification of Five Flowering Plants Families by Taxonomical Methods

2. Chapter 1 Introduction

3. WHAT IS TAXONOMY??

4. HIERARCHY Example of Classification Common Sunflower Helianthus Annus
* Domain: Eukaryote
* Kingdom: Plantae
* Phylum: Magnoliophyta
* Class: Magnoliopsida
* Order: Asterales
* Family: Asteraceae
* Genus: Helianthus
* Species: Helianthus annuus
Hierarchy Level of Classification

5. Amaryllidaceae Apocyanceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae Nyctaginaceae
Rain Lily
Periwinkle
Mock Azalea
Spider Lily
Asteraceae
Orchidaceae
Sunflower
Wedelia
Nyctaginaceae
Bearded
Paphiopedilum
Bamboo orchid
Bougainvillea

6. Specimens Collection Site
Major collecting site:
Cameron Highland
One of Malaysia’s most extensive hill stations.
Mean annual temperature: 18°C
Home to hundreds of floral species.
Area with a substantially different ecosystem.
Other collecting site:
Sg. Long’s Utar Campus, Kota Kemuning , Sungai Muntuh& Sungai Pelek

7. How to Identified the plants
How to Identified the plants? LEaves -Leaves arrangement -Leaf type -Leaf shape (Image retrieved from Mangold.J. & Parkinson.H, 2013)

8. Flowers Roots Systems (Image retrieved from Mangold. J. & Parkinson
Flowers Roots Systems (Image retrieved from Mangold.J. & Parkinson.H, 2013)

9. The objectives:- 1. To collect at least 5 specimens. 2
The objectives:- 1. To collect at least 5 specimens To apply preservation method by pressing of leaves and alcoholic method for other parts of the specimens. 3. To classify the specimens collected into their respective family by taxonomical method.

10. CHAPTER 2 MATERIAL& Methods

11. Apparatus needed for collection of specimen.
-Hand lens Field notebook
-Newspaper Trimming tools
-Field press
-Collecting bags

12. Apparatus needed for preserving of specimen
-90% Ethyl Alcohol
-Water
-Tightly close glass jar
-Newspaper
-Cardboard

13. Apparatus needed for mounting
-Mounting sheet
-Polyvinyl acetate glue

14. Instrument needed for microscopic observation of specimens
-Binocular microscope
-Microscope slides
-Cover slip
-Iodine
-Distilled water
-Scalpel

15. Methods for specimen collection
Roots, bulbs, and other underground parts will be dig up.
Soil will be removed.
Specimen will store in collecting bags.
Information of collection will recorded.

16. Methods for specimen preservation
Flowers, stems and roots of specimen will be immersed into a glass jar filled with 90% ethyl alcohol and 10% water.
Leaves of specimen will preserved by using dry method.
Preservation at least two weeks.

17. Methods for mounting specimens and microscopy
Leaves will mounted on a mounting sheet.
Flowers specimen will be dissect part by part.
The ovary will placed at microscope slip and covered by cover slip.
Iodine will be used to stain the ovary.
The slip will be placed under microscope for observation.

18. Labeling The specimens

19. Species identification using dichotomous key
Periwinkle
(1) ciliate
(2) calyx lobes 6-12(-15) mm long
(3) corolla with a connate tube 12–20 mm long
(4) Leaf blade ovate………………………………………...…V. Major
(1)eciliate
(2) calyx lobes 2–3 (–4) mm long
(3) corolla with a connate tube 8–12 mm long
(4) Leaf blade oblong
(5) Leaf blade smooth
(6) peduncles 11–22 (–28) mm long……………….….V. minor
(5) Leaf blade scrabrous
(6) peduncles 20–40 mm long…………...……… V. herbacea

20. CHAPTER 3
EXPECTED OUTCOME

21. 1. At least 5 species will be successfully identified by using dichotomous key 2. The specimens will be preserved carefully by alternative drying methods and dry preserving technique Identified specimens will be classified into 5 families.

22. Example of expected outcome Preservation of plants specimens by immersing in alcohol (Images retrieved from pickled plants, 2012)
PRESERVATION OF LEAVES BY PRESSING (IMAGES RETRIVED FROM UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA HERBARIUM, 2015)

23. Example of species identification of species by dichotomous key ( Flagg. 2014)

25. References
Bedford, D., & James, T. (1995). Pressing, Drying and Preservation. In Collection,
Preparation& Preservation of Plants Specimens (Second edition ed., pp.
6-19). New South Wales, Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney
Mangold.J. & Parkinson.H. ( 2013 September). DOE code: MT201304AG. Plant
Identification Basics. Retrieved from
/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT201304AG.pdf
Tilton, L. (2009, January 10). From Aristotle to Linnaeus: The History of Taxonomy.
Retrieved from

26. THANK YOU