1. Do Now 9/30/14 1. Where does intramembranous ossification begin? 2. What is the role of the osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone growth? 3. Where is the primary ossification center located? (use anatomical terms) 4. Where is the secondary ossification center located? (use anatomical terms)

2. Joints

3. Objective By the end of today, I will be able to … describe the major types of joints in the body and how they function

4. Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses) Joint that has the least freedom of movement. Type of joint has a thin layer of connective tissue keeping the bones together Two Types: 1. Sutures 2. Syndesmoses

5. Fibrous Joints Figure 5.28a–b What type of ossification does this area go through?

6. Cartilaginous joint (Amphiarthroses) Type of joint has cartilage sitting between the bones

7. Cartilaginous Joints

8. Synovial joints (Diarthroses) Joint that has the most freedom of movement. Type of joint has cartilage and fluids sitting in the joint.

9. Synovial Joints Figure 5.28f–h

10. Features of Synovial Joints Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones A fibrous articular capsule encloses joint surfaces A joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint

11. Synovial joints Six major types of synovial joints: 1. Ball-and-Socket joint: This type of joint allows rotational movement (Shoulder, hip) 2. Gliding/Plane joint: This type of joint allows sliding and twisting movements (wrist, ankle) 3. Hinge joint: This type of joint allows movement on one plane (elbow, knee)

12. Synovial joints 4. Pivot joint: Allows rotation around one axis (radius and ulna) 5. Condyloid joint: A concave and convex oval come together to allow for movement like a joystick (phalanges) 6. Saddle joint: Similar to condyloid joint but allows for more movement (thumb)

13. Types of Synovial Joints Figure 5.30a–c

14. Types of Synovial Joints Figure 5.30d–f

15. Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint Bursae—flattened fibrous sacs Lined with synovial membranes Filled with synovial fluid Not actually part of the joint Tendon sheath Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

16. The Synovial Joint Figure 5.29

17. Guided Practice

18. Which determines the direction of a joint’s movement? The ligaments and connective tissue Or The shape of the bones at the joint

19. Which determines the direction of a joint’s movement? The ligaments and connective tissue Or The shape of the bones at the joint

20. What type of joint is shown below? It is where the humerus connects to the lower arm at the elbow. This joint moves in only one direction. Hinge Joint

21. Which joint type is present at the hip? This joint allows for the greatest range of motion. Ball-and-socket

22. Which joint allows for the radius and ulna to twist your arm? Pivot Joint

23. Which joint allows your phalanges to move like a joystick? Condyloid Joint

24. In the following picture there are at least three types of joints. Name them.

25. Give an example of one type of immovable joint (Synarthroses)

26. What type of joint allows our vertebrae to move and bend? Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses)