1. Ch.21 Changes in American Life 1880-1914 American life undergoes social, economic, and cultural changes How will you make a home in your new country?

2. Ch.21.1 Vocabulary urbanization tenement slum social gospel The growth of cities Apartment with little sanitation or safety A poor, overcrowded neighborhood Movement aimed at improving the lives of the poor

3. Ch.21.1 Vocabulary Jane Addams Hull House political machine Tammany Hall Social reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago Settlement house that offered services to Chicago’s poor Organization that influences enough votes to control a local government Famous New York City political machine

4. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly Industrialization Expands Cities – 1. What groups moved to the nation’s cities? Immigrants move to cities for jobs. Late 1880s, more people move from rural areas to cities to find jobs. Industries are drawn to cities because of: – Good transportation – Many workers Urbanization – growth of cities caused by: – Increasing factory jobs in cities – Workers moving to cities to fill factory jobs

5. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly Technology Changes City Life – What are two inventions that made modern city life possible? Skyscrapers help cities grow, make modern city life possible. – Steel makes skyscrapers possible. – Steel helps increase the height of buildings Elevators allow tall buildings; people do not need to walk up floors.

6. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly The Streetcar city – What are two inventions that made modern city life possible? Before industrialization, people walk, use horse- drawn carriages By 1900, many people in cities use electric streetcars. Streetcars move people faster, longer distances, allow cities to expand.

7. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly Urban Disasters and Slums – What are tenements? People, buildings packed closely together, poverty, danger increases. Many people live in tenements – run-down, overcrowded apartments Unsafe drinking water, open sewage spreads diseases in tenements Neighborhood with overcrowded, dangerous housing – slum.

8. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly Reformers attack urban problems – How did settlement houses help the poor? Urban reformers seek changes, help people living in poverty, slums Social gospel – movement aims to improve lives of the poor Based on Christian values, seek labor reforms, abolish child labor Reformers open settlement houses, help poor, and immigrants – They provided the poor with day care, education, and health care. Jane Addams starts Hull House – settlement house, model for others.

9. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly Political Machine Runs Cities – What good things did political machines do for cities? Political Machine – influences votes to control local government – Gains support by trading favors for votes, breaks rules, win elections Tammany Hal – famous NYC political machine, very corrupt Political machines do some good, – civic improvements, help immigrants

10. Ch.21.1 Cities Grow and Change Industrialization and immigration cause American cities to grow rapidly Underneath your Journal B Write a brief paragraph to a friend and draw a picture showing what your life is life living in 1900. Use examples from the lesson.

11. Ch.21.2 Vocabulary new immigrants Ellis Island Angel Island Name given to the immigrants, especially from southern and eastern Europe, who came to the United States around 1900 First stop in America for most immigrants from Europe First stop in America for most immigrants from Asia

12. Ch.21.2 Vocabulary melting pot assimilation Chinese Exclusion Act Term used to describe a place where cultures blend The process of blending into a society Law passed in 1882 that banned Chinese immigration for ten years

13. Ch.21.2 The New Immigrants Millions of immigrants – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe – move to the United States The New Immigrants What were the first stops for most European and Asian immigrants? New Immigrants – arrive after 1900, include Italians, Jews and Slavs Ellis Island – first stop for European immigrants entering the U.S. – New York Angel Island – first stop for Asian immigrants entering the U.S. – San Francisco Mexican immigrants primarily enter through Texas at this time.

14. Ch.21.2 The New Immigrants Millions of immigrants – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe – move to the United States Settling in America Why did many immigrants settle in industrial states? Many immigrants find jobs in factories in cities because that is where the jobs were. People move with similar ethnic backgrounds often move to same neighborhood. Immigrant communities publish newspapers in native languages Support political machines because they help immigrants find jobs.

15. Ch.21.2 The New Immigrants Millions of immigrants – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe – move to the United States Immigrants take tough jobs – What kinds of jobs did the immigrants take? Immigrants take whatever jobs they can get – Most worked in factories and mines or – on the railroads and farms. – Some also tried to run their own businesses. Many European immigrants work in sweatshops in the East European immigrants mostly settle in East and Midwest. Chinese immigrants settle in West, – railroaders, business people Japanese immigrants go to Hawaii, mainland U.S. – Fish and farm Mexican immigrants go to Southwest – Work for growers and ranchers

16. Ch.21.2 The New Immigrants Millions of immigrants – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe – move to the United States Becoming Americans – How did immigrants try to assimilate into American society? U.S. is described as a melting pot – place where cultures blend Assimilation – process of blending into society Employers, labor unions try to Americanize immigrant workers Offer classes in citizenship, English Immigrant Cultures, languages influence American society Immigrants face prejudice from native-born Americans

17. Ch.21.2 The New Immigrants Millions of immigrants – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe – move to the United States Restrictions on Immigration Why did Americans want to reduce the number of immigrants? Many native-born Americans do not want immigrant competition for jobs In 1882, Congress begins to pass laws restricting immigration Chinese Exclusion Act – bans Chinese (prejudice) immigration for 10 years

18. Ch.21.2 The New Immigrants Millions of immigrants – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe – move to the United States - Voyage - Housing - Work - Assimilation Create and fill in the chart under your journal b, hen explain which part of the Experience would be most difficult as an immigrant.

19. Ch.21.3 Vocabulary racial discrimination Jim Crow Laws segregation Plessy v. Ferguson Different treatment on the basis of race aimed at enforcing segregation in public places Separation of white and black people Supreme Court ruling that said segregation was legal

20. Ch.21.3 Vocabulary Booker T. Washington W. E. B. Du Bois NAACP Ida B. Wells African- American leader in effort to achieve equality African-American leader who fought segregation Organization that promoted greater rights for African Americans African-American journalist who led the fight against lynching

21. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Racism cause Discrimination – Why did some whites discriminate against racial minorities? Racial discrimination – different treatment on the basis of race. – Some Whites believed they were superior to these groups. Low social rank of slaves leads whites to think they are superior to blacks. Asians, Native Americans, Latin Americans face discrimination as well. Racial discrimination in South very strong.

22. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Segregation Expands in the South In South, whites restrict African American voting rights: Force them to take unfair literacy exams, make sure they fail. Require African Americans pay high poll-tax, often unable to pay. Use grandfather clause to allow poor whites to vote. Jim Crow laws enforce segregation. Segregation – separation of white, black people in public places.

23. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Plessy V. Ferguson How did the Supreme Court help to promote segregation? Homer Plessy sues railroad company argues about segregation. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court rules against Plessy: It ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregated facilities were constitutional. “separate but equal” facilities do not violate 14 th Amendment Ruling allows Southern States to maintain segregated institutions. Separate facilities of African Americans worse than White facilities.

24. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Re-read p. 621 - Plessy V. Ferguson Draw a Political cartoon supporting or opposing the outcome of the court case.

25. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. African Americans Organize Who were two early leaders in the African- American struggle for equality? Booker T. Washington – teacher stats institute for African Americans To gain white support he does not challenge segregation W.E.B. Du Bois – encourages African Americans to reject segregation Du Bois, reformers start NAACP, helps end segregation in the 20 th century. NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

26. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Violence in the South and North Why was it difficult for African Americans to escape discrimination in America? In the South, Ku Klux Klan violence against blacks challenging segregation. Ida B. Wells – African American journalist, fights against lynching In North, no segregated facilities, black still suffer discrimination.

27. Ch.21.3 Segregation and Discrimination Racial discrimination runs through American society in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Racism in the West What was peonage? Chinese immigrants receive lower wages, face violence Mexicans, African Americans in Southwest forced into peonage- system of labor, workers forced to work to pay off debts. Outlawed in 1867, peonage- like system still used U.S. Supreme court states any peonage-like system is illegal (1911).

28. Ch.21.4 Vocabulary mass culture Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst department store A common culture experienced by large numbers of people Owner of the New York World Owner of the New York Morning Journal Store that sells a variety of items

29. Ch.21.4 Vocabulary mail-order catalog leisure vaudeville Ragtime Books filled with sales items that allow people to order goods through the mail Free time Live entertainment that featured a mix of song, dance, and comedy Blend of African- American and European music

30. Ch.21.4 Society and Mass Culture Industrialization and new technologies create a mass culture in the United States. Education and Publishing grow Education helps create an American mass culture: Common culture experienced by large numbers of people. Immigration causes growth in schools, teach citizenship, English Number of children attending school more than doubles. Literacy increases; reading novels and newspapers becomes popular.

31. Ch.21.4 Society and Mass Culture Industrialization and new technologies create a mass culture in the United States. Education and Publishing Grow Who were two rivals in the battle to attract newspaper readers? Joseph Pulitzer – owner of the New York World William Randolph Hearst – Owner of New York Morning Journal Pulitzer, Hearst tough competitors, publish sensational stories.

32. Ch.21.4 Society and Mass Culture Industrialization and new technologies create a mass culture in the United States. Modern Advertising and New Products Why did advertisers mostly aim their ads at women? Advertising increases, tempt people to buy products Market advertising of household products toward women. Women used many of the new products on the market and they did most of the shopping. Department stores – sell many types of products Mail-order Catalogs – descriptions, pictures of products, order by mail. Rural free delivery starts, packages go to homes in rural areas (1896)

33. Ch.21.4 Society and Mass Culture Industrialization and new technologies create a mass culture in the United States. Urban Parks and World’s Fairs How did many Americans spend their leisure time? Leisure, or free time, activities change Many people go to parks to get relief from factories and offices Amusement parks provide entertainment, shops, food, rides World’s fairs hosted by cities, show new technology, have foods, shows

34. Ch.21.4 Society and Mass Culture Industrialization and new technologies create a mass culture in the United States. Spectator Sports Baseball, football, boxing, other sports are popular Baseball is most popular sport,, has standardized rules and schedule. Black baseball players not allowed in American and National leagues. Form their own baseball leagues: – Negro American League – Negro National League

35. Ch.21.4 Society and Mass Culture Industrialization and new technologies create a mass culture in the United States. Going to the Show How did the growth of popular entertainment contribute to the growth of mass culture? Americans across the country could participate in the same culture by seeing the same shows or doing similar things. Vaudeville – shows mix song, dance, comedy – very popular Ragtime – blends African- American songs, European musical forms African American Scott Joplin composes ragtime compositions In early 1890s, movies become popular; first movies are silent.

36. Ch.21 American Life Around 1900 American Life Around 1900 Cities Grow and Change The New Immigrants Segregation and Discrimination Society and Mass Culture Check out the Visual Summary for Ch.21 on p. 630. Draw the Chart – and for each of the 4 sections rewrite the caption in your own words without plagiarizing and draw a picture to represent it.