1. Cultural statistics in Thailand 1. What national statistics can say about culture 2. Why Nat Stats Offices say they don’t have data when they certainly do 3. A new global statistics standard for Craft

2. Aim of presentation What can we get from national statistics? How far can we go in interpreting the data? What are the barriers to be addressed? Some characteristics of Thai creative economy which may (or may not) be inherently different to those of OECD countries

4. History of Project UN agreement with Thailand  2009-10 UNDP, NESDB and John Howkins  2011+ UNESCO, emphasis on continuous monitoring using ‘regular’ data Several different national studies ◦ KENAN reports Changes in political guidance ◦ From ‘creative industries’ to ‘culture’ ◦ Place of Thai medicine, food, and other specific cultural practices

5. Why start with National Statistics Offices? Saves money;  reduced need for independent development of design and concepts  They may know the answer already > avoids duplication (unless you need it) Comparability  Puts survey data in context of international, national and local economies  Allows trends – benchmarking with previous and future data Strategic  Build up a broader evidence based for theoretical models  Open transparent methods and data

6. Barriers to obtaining data NSO will say they have no data ◦ Do not believe them Continuing misunderstanding on the creative economy Lack of common language between statisticians and ‘cultural people’ ‘stovepipes’ in statistical collection (UN 2011)

7. Entrepreneurship Lowest unemployment rate; under 1% (really is) since early 2010, and under 2% since early 2006 Townsend Thai Survey 1997 – present http://cier.uchicago.edu/ http://cier.uchicago.edu/ ◦ 6+ agricultural ‘villages’ in central and northern Thailand ◦ 45% of villagers had businesses (similar data from India) ◦ Villagers who had a business more likely to make a ‘profit’ ◦ Credit and loans more likely after establishing business than in order to start one ◦ (Nyadsham 2013)

8. Unemployment rate in Thailand

9. Hospitality 5 th sector of Thai economy  2,380,100 people in 2013 ‘accommodation & food services’ (LFS) 24% employers (LFS) 28% employees (LFS) 44% ‘own account’ (LFS) 52.8% unskilled  (Hotels & Guest Ho Survey 2012) 69% ‘informal’ workers  (Informal Labour Survey 2012) Hospitality Labour Force by Qualification

10. FCS Cultural Domains

11. Thailand - Economic and Social Activities in the same frame Companies by Domain; Business Census 2012 Time Use by Domain 2009

12. Value-added in some Thai cultural and creative services (2010 Business Trade & Services Survey)

13. Craft in Thailand

14. Justifying/monitoring OTOPS When labour costs rise countries must compete on quality Much of quality is design. Traditional Thai design is a unique element of competitiveness with global recognition 62%, or 1.1 million cultural workers are in ‘visual arts’ Over 800,000 ‘handicraft’ workers in jewellery, wood/basket, textile alone How has this % changed over the life of OTOPS? Thai Labour Force Survey 2013

15. OTOP 2012 categories 2012

16. OTOP 2012 type of business and product

17. Jewellery 105,299 jewellers & precious metal workers Labour Force Survey 2013 Exports Comtrade comtrade.un.org

18. OTOP producers in Chiang Mai by level of education 2010 Source; Natsuda et al (2011) Figure 8

19. Education of artisans in other Asian craft surveys

20. A new statistical model for craft

21. Why a new model? New UNESCO Framework! Increased demand for craft products Saves time and money Increases comparability Working with Aspen Institute, Alliance for Artisans, craft experts, British Council Presentation planned for Santa Fe Fair in July

22. Qualifications of craftspeople and total labour force Source; craft surveys and national labour force surveys

23. Conclusion – Thai creative economy High level of ‘own account’ self employment High level of entrepreneurship ◦ Development economists consider that many opportunities for poor not available for others eg ‘under the radar’ High level of ‘informality’; market less regulated Do these conditions particularly encourage the creative economy? Are they common to many developing/ emerging countries?

24. Thai Time Use Survey 2009 Participating in community celebrations of cultural/historic events2.4 Participating in community social functions (music dance etc) 2.3 Community organized work, cooking for collective celebrations2.3 Organizing and work on community-based assistance to villages2.1 Organizing and work on community-based assistance to families and individuals6.7 Attending meetings2.8 (average hours per day) Also seen as Intangible Heritage by UNESCO FCS 2009