1. 1

2. 2 High RiskMedium RiskLow Risk CostLowMediumHigh Used byUniversities Companies & organizations Military organizations Vulnerability to attacks HighMediumLow Security Risk Cost

3. 3 Cost Security Risk Low Security Medium Security High Security

4.  Network management architecture consists of three sections: A. Centralized: ▪Consists of a key management station. B. Hierarchical : ▪Consists of one main station at the center and various management stations distributed among the systems. C. Distributed: ▪Consists of various stations for network management ▪Distributed based on the geographic distance or function. 4

5.  It is defined as a single network management system that runs network management applications and all the information are stored in a single centralized database.  Examples:  Open view (hp)  net view (IBM)  Sepctrum 5 NM Network Resource Network Management system NM

6. 1. Facilitates decision making. 2. Only single place is determined for network management. 3. Easy access to the centralized database. 4. Easy to expand and maintain the network. 5. Highly secure. 6

7. 1. In the case of failure in the network management, all the related network management systems will fail. 2. Overloading the network management system due to the large amount of the exchanged information. 7

8.  Hierarchical model is defined as a single network management system that manages various smaller network management systems that control network resources.  Examples:  Open view (hp)  Cisco 8 NM Network Resource Network Management system NM

9.  Advantages: 1. Distributing the load of the network. 2. Distributing the load of managing the network. 3. Bringing the network management systems closer to the managed network resources  Disadvantages: 1. High cost. 2. Complicated and difficult in connection. 9

10.  In this model network management systems are distributed on different indeterminate and in dependable places.  Examples:  CORBA(NCR)  DCOM(Microsoft) 10 NM Network Management system NM

11.  Advantages: 1. Distributing the load on the entire network completely. 2. Easy to expand the network. 3. Reliable and consistent.  Disadvantages: 1. Very complicated. 2. International standards are not yet defined. 3. Low security. 11

12. 12 Manager Agent MIB Managed Entity AlertsInstructions Management Stations Resources Management Information Base

13.  Manager: A program that receives alerts from agents and sends instructions to them.  Agents: A functional unit (Programs) located inside the managed devices (network resources) and provide management information to the devices and receives instructions to reconfigure the devices. 13

14.  Managed Entity: The network devices (resources) that is managed and controlled.  Management Information Base (MIB): A database of managed entities (resources) in the network and how they are accessed.  Example:  Remote Monitoring (Rmon) ▪One of the most famous MIBs (management information bases) ▪Used to monitor all the different components of LAN networks 14