1. NSS 2012 and Beyond: Radiological Materials Togzhan Kassenova IFANS-KINAC-FMWG Conference on the 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit and Next Generation Nuclear Security November 2, 2011 Seoul, Korea

2. Differences in Threat Perception Nuclear security vs Radiological security

3. Radiological Security: Key Issues of Concern Nuclear facilities: Nuclear power reactors Spent fuel storage facilities Reprocessing plants/high-level waste storage facilities Research reactors TerrorismAccidents

4. Radioactive sources – Correct threat assessment (not all radioactive sources are equal) – Availability – “Orphan” sources “Dirty” bombs Radiological Security: Key Issues of Concern

5. Radiological Security: Challenges Broad spectrum of use Less developed security architecture Detection of unauthorized transfers Weak Customs and border controls Lack of equipment/resources

6. NSS Scope How much focus should be on radiological security? What does it imply for membership? How more countries can be involved in the NSS process without being formal participants?