1. UNITED NATIONS ALYSSA, BATULO, & MEGHAN

2. WHAT IS THE UN? INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION THAT IS USED TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, AS A REPLACEMENT FOR THE INEFFECTIVE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. HTTP://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/WORLD/201 5/SEP/07/WHAT-HAS-THE-UN-ACHIEVED- UNITED-NATIONS

3. WHO RUNS THE UN? THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY THE SECURITY COUNCIL ECONOMIC & SOCIAL COUNCIL TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE SECRETARIAT SECRETARY GENERAL

4. FORMATION OF THE UN FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT COINED THE NAME UNITED NATIONS IN JANUARY 1942 WHEN THE DECLARATION BY UNITED NATIONS WAS CREATED. OCTOBER 24, 1945- THE FIRST UN CONFERENCE WAS HELD IN SAN FRANCISCO INVOLVING REPRESENTATIVES FROM 50 COUNTRIES TO DETERMINE THE UN CHARTER. POLAND LATER SIGNED TO BECOME ONE OF THE ORIGINAL 51 MEMBER STATES. BEGAN WITH A BUDGET OF $19 MILLION SERVING 2.3 BILLION PEOPLE.

5. FUNCTIONS OF THE UN A NEW AND VASTLY IMPROVED LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO PREVENT FUTURE WARS FOLLOWING WWII MAINTAIN INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY WHILE PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS AS WELL AS SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT PROVIDE HUMANITARIAN AID WHERE NEEDED

6. WHAT OTHER COUNTRIES ARE INVOLVED? 193 MEMBER STATES (PLEASE REFER TO HANDOUT FOR FULL LIST) 16 PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS CURRENTLY OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: ARABIC CHINESE ENGLISH FRENCH RUSSIAN SPANISH

7. HOW ARE DECISIONS MADE? DEBATING, NEGOTIATING, TAKING ACTION! EACH NEW SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, AN AGENDA IS CREATED WITH CURRENT PRIORITY ISSUES ONLY RESOLUTIONS THAT HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE LEGALLY BINDING ARE THOSE THAT ARE ADOPTED BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL CONSENSUS IS THE GOAL APPOINTING MEMBERS TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL, BUDGET ISSUES-MUST HAVE 2/3 MAJORITY VOTE SECURITY COUNCIL STILL IS THE SECTION THAT IMPLEMENTS

8. CURRENT PROGRAMS UN FUNDS & PROGRAMS UN PROGRAMS AND FUNDS ARE FINANCED THROUGH VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS (RATHER THAN ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS) INCLUDE: UN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP) UN CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF) WORLD FOOD PROGRAM (WFP) UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) UN OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC) UN POPULATION FUND (UNFPA) UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM (UNEP)

9. CURRENT PROGRAMS CONT… UN SPECIALIZED AGENCIES UN SPECIALIZED AGENCIES HELP TO PROMOTE THE U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, NATIONAL SECURITY, ECONOMIC, PUBLIC HEALTH & HUMANITARIAN GOALS. THEY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA) WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) UN EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO) INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU) WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) ALSO, THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION, WORLD BANK, AND THE IMF!

10. LARGE SCALE BUDGETS UN REGULAR BUDGET DETERMINED BY GROSS NATIONAL INCOME THE US IS THE TOP CONTRIBUTOR RANGES FROM.001% TO 22% PEACEKEEPING BUDGET RENEGOTIATED EVERY 3 YEARS POORER COUNTRIES GET BIGGER DISCOUNTS FUNDING DEFICIENCIES ARE COVERED BY THE 5 PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTION LEFT TO THE DISCRETION OF THE INDIVIDUAL MEMBER STATES GROUPS THAT DONATE ARE  MEMBER GOVERNMENTS  CORPORATIONS  PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS

11. TOP 20 CONTRIBUTORS COUNTRY RATE 2013 USD 1 UNITED STATES 22.000 618'481’182 2 JAPAN 10.833 276'055’389 3 GERMANY 7.141 181'972’818 4 FRANCE 5.593 142'525’412 5 UNITED KINGDOM 5.179 131'975’525 6 CHINA 5.148 131'185’558 7 ITALY 4.448 113'347’584 8 CANADA 2.984 76'040’734 9 SPAIN 2.973 75'760’424 10 BRAZIL 2.934 74'766’593 11 RUSSIA 2.438 62'127’115 12 AUSTRALIA 2.074 52'851’369 13 SOUTH KOREA 1.994 50'812’743 14 MEXICO 1.842 46'939’355 15 NETHERLANDS 1.654 42'148’585 16 TURKEY 1.328 33'841’185 17 SWITZERLAND 1.047 26'680’513 18 BELGIUM 0.998 25'431’854 19 SWEDEN 0.960 24'463’508 20 POLAND 0.921 23'469’677 TOTAL OF 20 COUNTRIES 84.49 2'210’877’123 OTHER 173 MEMBERS OF THE UN 15.51 395'264’019 TOTAL OF ALL MEMBER STATES 100.000 2'606'141’142

12. GOALS-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

13. REALITY COMPETING INTERESTS WITH 193 MEMBER STATES DIFFICULT DECISIONS FOR WHERE AND HOW UN SHOULD BE USING ITS RESOURCES WHAT PERCENTAGE OF BUDGET GOES TO EACH ISSUE (HUMAN RIGHTS, DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL MISSIONS)? IS THE UN NECESSARY TODAY?

14. ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT OUTDATED STRUCTURE LACK OF CENTRAL ENTITY INCREASING DEMANDS UNRELIABLE FUNDING UNQUALIFIED POLITICAL LEADERS

15. PEACEKEEPING IN HAITI HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=RWEQ2-BGJH4

16. “PEACEKEEPING” CHALLENGES LATEST FIGURES SHOW 124,746 PEACEKEEPERS INVOLVED IN 16 MISSIONS ACROSS THE WORLD THEY HAVE THE BIG GUNS-DOES IT LOOK PEACEFUL? CRIMES COMMITTED DURING PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS SEX CRIMES, SCANDALS AND ABUSE! 125 MILITARY, POLICE, & CIVILIAN STAFF GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THE SERVICE OF PEACE IN 2014. Kind of intimidating… right?

17. ADDRESSING CHALLENGES BIN KI-MOON HAS MADE SEVERAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS CRIMES COMMITTED DURING PEACE KEEPING COURT MARTIAL PROCEEDINGS DNA DATABASE FOR ALL PEACEKEEPERS URGING OTHER COUNTRIES TO CHANGE LAWS SO THEY APPLY TO SEX CRIMES COMMITTED BY CITIZENS SERVING THE UN PEACE OPERATIONS URGING WOMEN TO COME FORWARD “NAME-AND-SHAME” POLICY UN HAS OFFERED TO PROVIDE MEDICAL AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT TO VICTIMS

18. GUESS WHAT…THERE ARE MORE CHALLENGES FAVORITISM WITHIN THE UN BAN KI MOON APPOINTED HIS SON-IN-LAW TO A UN POST IN IRAQ THE VETO FEATURE (USA, RUSSIA, CHINA, U.K. AND FRANCE) IF ONE OF THESE FIVE MEMBER STATES IS INVOLVED IN A CRISIS, THE UN IS BASICALLY PARALYZED

19. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE KEEP ON KEEPIN ON! KEEP THE PEACE AND AVOID CONFLICT. THEY NEED TO FIND A NEW SECRETARY GENERAL, BAN KI MOON IS RETIRING, GET YOUR APPLICATIONS IN! ARGUMENTS FOR ENDING THE VETO POWER OF THE FIVE PRIMARY MEMBERS. SHOULD WE REQUIRE ¾ MAJORITY VOTE?

20. REFERENCES 5 PROBLEMS FACING UN AS IT NEARS 70 TH ANNIVERSARY. 2014, DECEMBER 5. RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.JAPANTIMES.CO.JP/NEWS/2014/12/05/WORLD/5-PROBLEMS-FACING-UN- NEARS-70TH- ANNIVERSARY/#.VY0151QRKM8HTTP://WWW.JAPANTIMES.CO.JP/NEWS/2014/12/05/WORLD/5-PROBLEMS-FACING-UN- NEARS-70TH- ANNIVERSARY/#.VY0151QRKM8 BBC. UN SEX ABUSE SCANDAL: RISE IN ALLEGATIONS AGAINST PEACEKEEPERS. 2016, MARCH 4. RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.BBC.COM/NEWS/WORLD-35724978HTTP://WWW.BBC.COM/NEWS/WORLD-35724978 FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. UNITED NATIONS FUNDING. 2016, MARCH, 23. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.EDA.ADMIN.CH/EDA/EN/FDFA/FOREIGN- POLICY/INTERNATIONAL- ORGANIZATIONS/UN/UN-FUNDING.HTMLHTTPS://WWW.EDA.ADMIN.CH/EDA/EN/FDFA/FOREIGN- POLICY/INTERNATIONAL- ORGANIZATIONS/UN/UN-FUNDING.HTML THE GUARDIAN. UN SEX ABUSE SCANDAL: 11 PEACEKEEPERS FACE PATERNITY CLAIMS IN DR CONGO. 2016, APRIL, 4. RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/WORLD/2016/APR/05/UN-SEX-ABUSE- SCANDAL-11-PEACEKEEPERS-FACE-PATERNITY-CLAIMS-IN-DR-CONGO HTTP://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/WORLD/2016/APR/05/UN-SEX-ABUSE- SCANDAL-11-PEACEKEEPERS-FACE-PATERNITY-CLAIMS-IN-DR-CONGO UN 101. 2016. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://BETTERWORLDCAMPAIGN.ORG/ UN BUDGET PROCESS. 2012. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://BETTERWORLDCAMPAIGN.ORG/US-UN- PARTNERSHIP/IMPORTANCE-OF-FUNDING-THE-UN/UN-BUDGET-PROCESS/HTTPS://BETTERWORLDCAMPAIGN.ORG/US-UN- PARTNERSHIP/IMPORTANCE-OF-FUNDING-THE-UN/UN-BUDGET-PROCESS/ UNITED NATIONS. 2016, MAY 7. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/UNITED_NATIONSHTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/UNITED_NATIONS UNITED NATIONS. 2016. RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.UN.ORG/EN/INDEX.HTMLHTTP://WWW.UN.ORG/EN/INDEX.HTML

21. DISCUSSION WHAT DO YOU THINK THE UN IS DOING WELL? SHOULD THEY HAVE MORE OR LESS CONTROL? WHAT SHOULD BE DONE DIFFERENTLY? HOW DO YOU THINK THE UN IMPACTS THE WORLD?