1. Ojibwe Pictograph October 9, 2012

2. “Our women and children do indeed cry, our Father, on account of their suffering from cold and hunger …” - Chief Buffalo in an 1851 letter sent to Commissioner of Indian Affairs

3. Learning Targets I can analyze the meaning of an American Indian art form, the pictograph. I can creatively develop my own pictograph.

4. I notice … I wonder …

5. Sandy Lake Tragedy According to Lac Courte Oreille oral tradition this petition, originally of birch bark, reflects the plea of the Bands of the Lake Superior Chippewa, today called the Lac Courte Oreille, St. Croix, Fond du Lac, Red Cliff and Bad River. It tells the story of what happened at the Sandy Lake Tragedy of the winter of 1850-1851

6. The four lakes on the lower left represent the path to Sandy Lake. The double set of lines to the right of the lake mean that they travel over land to the first body of water (St. Louis River)

7. On the way back, the headmen of the Bands/Clans met at Fond du Lac and there this petition was conceived. The line from this point to the Crane¿s eye reflects that this is what Chief Buffalo saw.

8. The lines from the hearts and eyes of the Catfish, Man-fish, Bear, and the three Martens to the heart and eye of the Crane, mean that all the headmen see and feel the same way.

9. They all stand along a wide blue line that represents Lake Superior. The last line going out from the Crane's eye, indicates that the entire group has authorized Chief Buffalo (Crane Clan) to speak to President Fillmore and plead their case.

10. Today it is thought that the Catfish represents Nadaugumbe (Lake Chetac in Sawyer County), the Man-fish represented Nenaangebi (Rice Lake, Barron County), and the Bear represents Ahkeywanzee (of Little Lac Courte Oreilles).

11. The right-most Marten is thought to represent Shinogabe (of Fond du Lac, Minn.), the center Marten Wahbekasho (Big Bend of the Chippewa River), and the left-most Marten is thought to be Laubense (St. Croix River).

12. Create your own Pictograph Requirements: 1. You must have a definite message - something you want to ask for, - something you want to do, - something you want to communicate to someone else 2. You must not use any words 3. You must be able to explain its meaning

14. Pictograph B Pictograph B, Plate 61, is interpreted thus:--This is a symbolic representation of the concurrence of certain of the Chippewas of Trout Lake, on the sources of Chippewa River, Wisconsin, in the object. Number 1 represents the (Chief Kenisteno, or the Cree, of the totem of the brant. O-tuk-um-i-pe-nai-see (Number 2) is his son. Pa-na-shee (Number 3) is a warrior of the totem or clan of the Long-tailed Bear. This is a mythological creation of the Chippewas, by whom it is believed that such an animal has a subterranean existence; that he is sometimes seen above ground; and that his tail, the peculiar feature in which he differs from the northern black bear, is formed of copper, or some bright metal. Number 4. This is a warrior of the Catfish totem, of the particular species denoted Ma-no-maig. The name is Wa-gi-má-we-gwun, meaning, He of the chief-feather. Number 5. Ok-wa-gon, or the neck, a warrior of the Sturgeon totem. Number 6. O-je-tshaug, a warrior of the totem of the species of spring duck called Ah-ah-wai by the natives, which is believed to be identical with the garrulous coast duck called Oldwives by sailors.11 Numbers 7, 8, 9. Warriors of the clan of the fabulous Long-tailed Bear, who are named, in their order, Wa-gi-ma-wash, or would-be-chief, Ka-be-tau-wash, or Mover-in-a-circle, and Sha-tai-mo, or Pelican's excrement. Number 10. Ka-we-tau-be-tung, of the totem of the Awasees, or Catfish. Number 11. O-ta-gau-me, or the Fox Indian, of the Bear totem; and Ah-ah- wai, or the first spring duck of the Loon totem,--all warriors.

15. Pictograph C, Plate 62. By this scroll the chief Kun-de-kund of the Eagle totem of the river Ontonagon, of Lake Superior, and certain individuals of his band, are represented as uniting in the object of the visit of Oshcabawis. He is depicted by the figure of an eagle, Number 1. The two small lines ascending from the head of the bird denote authority or power generally. The human arm extended from the breast of the bird, with the open hand, are symbolic of friendship. By the light lines connecting the eye of each person with the chief, and that of the chief with the President, (Number 8,) unity of views or purpose, the same as in pictograph Number 1, is symbolized. Numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5, are warriors of his own totem and kindred. Their names, in their order, are On-gwai-sug, Was-sa-ge-zhig, or The Sky that lightens, Kwe-we-ziash-ish, or the Bad-boy, and Gitch-ee-ma-tau-gum-ee, or the great sounding water. Number 6. Na-boab-ains, or Little Soup, is a warrior of his band of the Catfish totem. Figure Number 7, repeated, represents dwelling-houses, and this device is employed to denote that the persons, beneath whose symbolic totem it is respectively drawn, are inclined to live in houses and become civilized, in other words, to abandon the chase. Number 8 depicts the President of the United States standing in his official residence at Washington. The open hand extended is employed as a symbol of friendship, corresponding exactly, in this respect, with the same feature in Number 1. The chief whose name is withheld at the left hand of the inferior figures of the scroll, is represented, by the rays on his head, (Figure 9,) as, apparently, possessing a higher power than Number 1, but is still concurring, by the eye-line, with Kundekund in the purport of pictograph Number 1.

16. Pictograph D, Plate 62. In this scroll figure Number 1 represents the chief Ka-kaik-o-gwun-na-osh, or a pigeon-haw-in-flight, of the river Wisconsin, of the totem of the Long-tailed Bear. The other figures of the scroll stand for nine of his followers, who are each represented by his appropriate totem. Number 2 is the symbol of Na-wa-kum-ig, or He-that-can-mystically-pass- down-in-the-earth. Number 6, Men-on-ik-wud-oans, Number 7, Sha-won-e- pe-nai-see, the southern bird, and Number 8, Mich-e-mok-in-ug-o, Going tortoise, are all warriors of the totem of the mystical Long-tailed Bear. Number 3 and 9 denote Chi-a-ge-bo and Ka-gá-ge-sheeb, a cormorant, two warriors of the bear totem. No. 4, Muk-kud-dai-o-kun-zhe, or black hoof, is a warrior of the brant clan. No. 5, Mikinok, a turtle, and No. 10, Na-tou-we-ge-zhig, the Ear of Day, are warriors of the marten clan.