1. International Intellectual Property Prof. Manheim Spring, 2007 Trademark - Madrid Copyright © 2007

2. Spring, 2007IIP2 Madrid System  Madrid Agreement  Concerning the Int’l Registration of Marks (1892)  Not true Int’l Reg; merely central forwarding agent  Compare PCT  “Home” registration forms basis of other regis’ns  Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agr (1989)  True Int’l Registration (with WIPO Int’l Bureau)  Marks are registered in WIPO’s Int’l Register  Based on application or registration in home country  Protected by member states as if registered locally  Compare EPO US 2003 EU 2004

3. Spring, 2007IIP3 Madrid System  Int’l Application Process  File with member registration bureau  Examines for scope of TM  Forwards to WIPO  International search and objections  Priority date of nat’l filing if within 2 months  Or 6 months if nat’l filing is in a Paris country  Designate states (or EU) where protection sought  Term  Renewable 10-year terms flowchart

4. Spring, 2007IIP4 Madrid System  “Central” Attacks on TM  If basic application/registration fails <5 years  Int’l registration is cancelled  After 5 years  Int’l registration becomes independent  Protocol Art. 9quinquies Protocol Art. 9quinquies  Transformation of int’l into nat’l applications  In the event the int’l registration is cancelled at the request of the Office of origin, the holder [may] file an application for the registration of the same mark with the Office of any of the Contracting Parties  Relates back to date of international registration

5. Spring, 2007IIP5 Community Trade Mark (CTM)  EU Unified Trademark Registration System  Council Regulation 40/94 (CTM)40/94  Single registration for all EU member states  Open to nationals of any WTO member  Top 10 Reasons for CTM Registration Top 10 Reasons for CTM Registration  Registration through Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM) [Alicante, Spain]OHIM  Opposition proceedings (usually by registrants in other countries)  E.g., Trivastan (Italy) vs. Travatan  [ECJ Opinion]ECJ Opinion Flowchart 1 Flowchart 2

6. Spring, 2007IIP6

7. Spring, 2007IIP7 full form

8. Spring, 2007IIP8 Community Trade Mark (CTM)  Registration Disputes  TM Opposition Division TM Opposition Division  TM Cancellation Division TM Cancellation Division  Board of Appeal Board of Appeal  Court of First Instance Court of First Instance  ECJ ECJ

9. Spring, 2007IIP9 Community Trade Mark (CTM)  Infringement Suits  Community Trademark Courts Community Trademark Courts  Designated national courts (1st and 2d instance)  Jurisdiction  EEA-wide jurisdiction and relief  Familiar venue rules  Domicile of def’t; domicile of claimant; Spain  Choice of Law  Substantive law where infringement occurred  Injunction per law of forum  Erie-like doctrine (nat’l law where CTM deficient)

10. Spring, 2007IIP10 Community Trade Mark (CTM)  Remedies  Pan-European Relief  Including provisional  Substantive Law (damages, injunctions)  Per national law of forum  Ex: temporary injunction based on filed application (Italy)  Ex: confusion standard broader in Benelux countries  Ex: broader discover rules in UK  May lead to Forum Shopping  Conflicts between OHIM and CTM Court  Complicated, but generally OHIM primacy