1. 1 Current Status of Korean Accelerator Industries and Technology Levels 2016. 5. 9 M.H. Cho POSTECH, Korea

2. 2 1. Current status & Feature of Accelerator Industries ··············· 2. Current Status of Accelerator Market ······································· 3. Current status of Large Accelerators in Korea ······················· 4. Current status of Accelerator Companies’ Participation········ 5. Status of Accelerator Technology in Korea ······························ 6. Globalization issues in Accelerator Industries ························ 3 5 8 10 12 13

3. 1. Current status and Feature of Accelerator Industries ○ More than 35,000 Particle Accelerators have been installed and operated globally over 60 years - 24,000 for industrial use, 11,000 for medical, & 200 for researches - 10,000 Ion beam accelerators & 1,700 e-beam accelerators * resource : http://www.accelerators-for-society.org/about-accelerators/accelerators-in-numbers.php ○ Accelerator Industries require high level technologies and can create high added-values, and they grow based on the development of scientific technology of accelerators. - Sum of products manufactured globally using industrial accelerators amount to ~400B€ ○ Korea has invested in government level more than ~1 B$ during last 30 years for construction & operation of accelerators, with this effort we have more than 200 small & middle size companies related with accelerators. 3

4. 4 Product NamePeriodBudgetCountryNote LCLS- Ⅱ ‘10~’16$440M USA Light Sources & Eletron Beams NSLS(Upgrade)’07~’15$912M CEBAF(Upgrade)’06~’15~$300M European XFEL‘09~’15€1.2BEU NLSUnsettled UK ESRF(Upgrade)’09~’18 € 262M (4,700Bwon)EU International Linear Collider (ILC/CLIC; Compact Linear Collider) ILC ’14~’20 CLIC ’17~’23 Const. Cost Closed JAPAN EU FLASH/Soft XFEL‘11~’14Approx.400BwonGermany Synchrotron Radiation in the Future (1st) ’11~’14 (2nd) ’17~’19 1 st (?) 2nd ( ￥ 300B) Japan Sanghai-XFEL‘15~??China SwissFEL’11~’163,600BwonSwiss GSI/FAIR Upgrade’07~’18 € 1,027M (1,600Bwon) Germany Heavy Ion Int’l Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprot ons ’07~’14 € 1.2B (2,100Bwon) GANIL/SPIRAL- Ⅱ ‘06~’13 € 130M (2,0800Bwon)France FRIB‘10~’21$680M (7,500Bwon)USA EURISOLunder design~ € 1326M (21,216Bwon)EU J-PARC Upgrade’10~14 ￥ 380B (5,179Bwon) Japan Proton Nucleon Decay and Neutrino Oscillation Experiments with Large Advanced Detectors ’14~’20 ￥ 500B (~6,814Bwon) Neutrino factoryunsettled~’15 Lb 2B (3,400Bwon)UK Med-Austron 2002~2013(12yrs) 2008~2014(7yrs) 1,797Bwon 2,648Bwon Austria Baryon HITFIL2011~2013(3yrs)876BwonChina HIMAT2008~2013(6yrs)1,606BwonJapan Future High Energy Colliders’12~’20Lb5B (~ 9,000Bwon)UKEtc. Status of Recent Accelerator Constructions & Plans Worldwide * National Science and Technology council, NFRM and 4 accelerator Research Institute reference, 2011

5. 2. Current status of Accelerator Market ○ Industrial and Medical Accelerator Market volume is about $3.5B, which is ~99% of World Accelerator market, and it grows 10% annually (as of 2010). - Global Market Research Institute found it creates approximately $12B with 164 companies. - Especially for the semiconductor fabrication (ion implanters), it creates market of ~$1.5B annually for the market of ion beam accelerators. - Also, the sum of products using charged particle beams amounts more than $500B. - Belgium government approved MYRRHA project (~$1.3B) on March 2010, and expects to create more than 2,000 jobs. (* MYRRAH – Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Application; proton accelerator based sub-critical nuclear reactor development project) * resource : accelerators for America’s future, DOE, 2010 5

6. 6 TypeApplication Field Total systems Systems sold/year Sales/year (M€) System price (M€) Industrial Ion implanters9,5005001,4001.5 – 2.5 e-beam welding & cutting 4,5001001500.5 – 2.5 X-ray generators2,000751300.2 – 8.0 RI production55050701.0 – 30 Non-destructive testing (NDT) 650100700.3 – 2.0 Ion analysis20025300.4 – 1.5 Medical Cancer therapy9,1005001,8002.0 – 5.0 Neutron generators1,00050300.1 – 3.0 Total27,5001,4003,680 * Jean-Marie Le Goff(2013), “The Impact of CERN on high tech industry developments”, 2013 ICABU presentation material Industrial and Medical Accelerator Market

7. 7 (price unit:, Mwon) Type Country X-ray GeneratorsIon ImplantersLinear AcceleratorTotal QuantitypriceQuantityPriceQuantityPriceQuantityPrice Japan1,13726,0991352,8791,15078,978 USA29012,94477215,54811,038368229,530 Germany19720,74119720,741 Malaysia1242,9671242,967 China381,1531966392,119 UK293,97822,296316,274 Netherland205,16911,05917,0842213,311 Italy191,459191,459 Etc.* 1 253,705253,705 Total1,87974,51091269,486511,3841,950355,379 [Import List of Industrial Accelerator Equipment in 2012] * resource : Korea Radiation Association, 2012 radiation and radioactive isotope using state survey, 2013.12 ※ Medical systems are excluded * 1 Ukraine, Belgium, Ireland, Switzerland, Hungary, Finland, Australia, France, Latvia ○ Japan, USA, and EU are dominant in Industrial Accelerator Equipment Market ; X-ray generators and Ion implanters are the dominant import items in Korea

8. 8 TypeMain PerformanceApplicationInstitute Const. Period Budget(1M) (gov./other) Note Light Source Synch rotron (3rd G.) ◦ PLS-II ◦ 3-GeV electron storage ring ◦ DBA (24 BM) + 20 ID +3 SC RF Cavities ◦ Full energy electron Linac injector Analyzing static structure of materials, property measurement POSTECH (PAL) @Pohang ‘88~'94 1,500 (569/904) operation (since ’95) Upgrade ('09~'11) 1,000 (1,000/-) XFEL (4 th G) ◦ PAL-XFEL ◦ Self-seeded &/or SASE X-ray lasers based on 10-GeV Linac ◦ 10 f-second light pulses ◦ ~10 10 times brighter than light from 3 rd G. Real time observation of materials dynamical structures & phenomenon POSTECH (PAL) @Pohang '11~'15 4,298 (4,038/260) Const. Completed (under commissi o-ning) Proton Accelerator (Linear) ◦ KOMAC ◦ energy: 100MeV ◦ ECRIS + RFQ+DTL Material change, neutron science & applications KAERI (KOMAC) @Gyeonju '02~'12 3,143 (1,836/1,307) operation (since '12) Heavy Ion Accelerator (Linear) ◦ RAON ◦ Research material using Helium, Carbon, Uranium ion (200MeV/u) Nuclear physics & neutron sciences IBS(RISP) @Sejong '12~'21 4,602 (4,602/-) Under construc- tion Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (Synchrotron) ◦ KHIMA ◦ Synchrotron accelerator for Carbon proton ◦ (430MeV/u) Cancer therapy DIRAMS (KHIMA) @Gijang '10~'17 1,950 (700/1,250) Under construct- ion 3. Current status of Large Accelerators in Korea

9. 9 2 1 3 4 DMZ 150 km 250 km 2 3 4 1 PLS-II & PAL-XFEL/PAL KOMAC/KAERI RAON/IBS KIHMA/DIRAMs

10. 4. Current status of Accelerator Companies’ Participation ○ Most of the accelerator companies participated in Accelerate main components fabrication area 10 [participated companies’ distribution of fund scale (2009~2013] ○ Capitals of participated small & middle size companies are below $1M (2009-2013) * Resource : NRF, present-condition investigation for Fusion Energy · Accelerator Industry ecosystem, 2015 ○ Export of participated company is mostly below $100K and import more than a half from USA [Exporting countries in Accelerator · Fusion Industry, 2009~2013] [Importing countries in Accelerator · Fusion Industry, 2009~2013] others Japan Europe Japan Europe USA ETC vacuum control Large Accelerator Base Power supply component Accelerator component High Frequency Superconductivity/ Cryogenic [Accelerator participation technology part] $0.1~1M 61% Under $0.1M 21% Over $10M 8% $1~10M 10% (unit : num)

11. 11 No Company NameKey Technologies PLS & PLS-II (′88-′94) KOMAC Proton (02-′12) RAON Heavy ion (′12-′21) PAL-XFEL (′13-′16) 1 DawonsysPower supply ✔✔✔ 2 VitzrotechRF structures(Cu) ✔✔✔✔ 3 Motion Hi-techPrecision Manuf. ✔ 4 GenesisRF ✔ 5 Seongwoo InstrumentsElectronics ✔ 6 HMTControl ✔✔ 7 VMTVacuum ✔ 8 SFAPrecision Manuf. ✔✔ 9 POSCO ICTPower supply ✔ 10 Kumkang ElectronElectronics ✔ 11 E.B. TechSystem ✔ 12 CVES/W ✔ 13 Kumkang TechPrecision Manuf. ✔✔ 14 Dongwoo OptronOptical compo. ✔ 15 PlaspoPower supply ✔ 16 Alpha plusVacuum ✔ Partial List of Korean companies participated in the projects * resource : NFRI, Fusion Energy·Accelerator equipment industry ecosystem vitalization strategy, 2013

12. 5. Status of Accelerator Technology in Korea ○ The average technology gap is ~5 years behind to EU, Japan, & USA ○ Designing and managing technology of Accelerator is nearly same as advanced country by the earlier experiences of proton accelerator in KAERI, 3 rd and 4 th generation light sources in Pohang Accelerator Lab. 12 Country Gap of basic research level Gap of application and development Gap of technology GroupLevel(%)Gap(Year)GroupLevel(%)Gap(Year)GroupLevel(%)Gap(Year) KoreaChase74.15.1Chase73.25.7Chase73.85.3 ChinaChase74.65.3Chase71.25.0Chase73.05.1 JapanLead95.61.8Lead92.01.0Lead93.91.3 EUBest100.00.0Lead98.40.3Lead99.30.1 USALead99.70.2Best100.00.0Best100.00.0 * KISTEP, 2014 Technology level evaluation, 2015 [Gap and technology level of main countries compares to leading country of accelerator] TypeMain technologyDomestic LevelTarget LevelGap Linear Accelerator /Laser Producer Technology Photo-cathode RF e-GunBeam emittance : 2 mm~mrad <1 mm~mrad1 yr High-stability e-beam control tech.E-beam orbit stability: 3 μm <1 μm2 yr High precision machine alignmentAlignment System: < 100 μm < 100 μm0 Pulse power supply tech. for KlystronPulse Stability : 0.01%0.05%+ Pulse e-beam diagnosis technologye-beam position accuracy: 1 μm<1 μm1 yr Ultra-High Vacuum Technology10-10 torr 0 Undulator Fabrication Technology - Out Vacuum Type - In Vacuum Type 0 2 yr * PAL, 4 th (X-ray free electron laser) Light Source construction industry planning report, 2009.7 [Technology comparison of Pohang 4 th generation of radiation accelerator]

13. 6. Globalization issues in Accelerator Industries ○ For industrial and medical accelerators, we have capability in independent system design, there are chances since demand continuously increases worldwide. - Need to develop high power RF technology and precision diagnostics - Need to enhance technical confidence thru the expert manpower training and improved quality control. - Need to establish global network for the exchange of information in new technologies and business opportunities. ○ Need to discover global demand or creative ideas of an accelerator system, and set an strategic R&D plan - Examples of products for the commercial development;  Compact Proton/Heavy-ion Cancer treatment machine  Industrial Ion Implanters ○ Select new markets in advanced countries as well as in countries like Middle East, China, Southeast Asia, and etc. as target markets for global business - In parallel with entering strategy to global markets, it is very important to collaborate with world leading companies in accelerators. 13

14. 14 Thank you for your attentions!