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Blueberry 88 178
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Site Selection Blueberry
pH 4.0 to 5.5 Full sun and well drained Sandy loam with added organic matter - ideal Avoid frost-prone areas Control weeds bermudagrass wild blackberries 89 179
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pH Requirement Blueberry
Soil test to determine pH To lower pH: Add S 90 180
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Lbs of S/100 ft2 to lower soil pH one unit
Sulfur/pH Table Lbs of S/100 ft2 to lower soil pH one unit Sand: 1.0 to 1.5 Loam: 2.0 to 3.0 Clay: to 4.0 181
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Blueberry Types Highbush Rabbiteye Southern Highbush
Photo: Steven Clemants, Westchester Co., NY. Southern Highbush
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Highbush Blueberry 5 to 25 feet tall Ripens in May
Requires 800 hours chilling Performs best in northern Oklahoma
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Rabbiteye Blueberry 5 to 20 feet tall Ripen in May and early June
Requires 150 to 600 hours chilling Performs best in central and southern Oklahoma More heat tolerant
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Southern Highbush Blueberry
Intermediate between highbush and rabbiteye Ripen about 3 weeks earlier than rabbiteye Should perform well throughout Oklahoma
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Planting and Culture Blueberry
Plant mid-January to late March Plant 2 year old container-grown plants - 12 to 16 inches in height Plant two or more varieties Set plants approximately 5 feet apart Set plants without washing soil from roots
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Fertilizing Established Blueberries
Ammonium N better than nitrate N Apply N in small applications once before bloom once after bloom once in fall Apply P and K according to soil test Apply fertilizer uniformly within dripline Avoid the base of the plant
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Pruning Blueberries Summer pruning Remove broken and diseased branches
Prune soon after harvest to control size of bush Winter pruning Remove dead, diseased, deranged and dying canes Thin healthy canes: 6 to 10 main canes per plant Tip remaining canes to maintain convenient height
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Diseases of Blueberry 93 190
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Mummy Berry Disease Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi Blueberry
Berries shrivel and turn pinkish Fall to ground and turn brown Favored by cold wet weather Infects very young tissue Source of innoculum Infected fruit mummies on ground
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Phytophthora Root Rot Phytophthora cinnamomi Blueberry
Early symptoms: Yellowing of leaves Small terminal leaves Lack of new growth Excessive defoliation 95 192
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Phytophthora Root Rot Phytophthora cinnamomi Blueberry
Root system discolored Brown to black epidermis Uniform light brown discoloration of vascular tissue Control: Avoid poorly drained areas Apply metalaxyl soil fungicide
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Stem Cankers Blueberry
Pathogens: Botryosphaeria, Gloeosporium, Phomopsis Occur periodically in Oklahoma Symptoms: Discolored lesions on stems Infected stems eventually wilt and die 96 194
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Blueberry Disease Control Spray Schedule
Delayed dormant - just before bud break Mid-bloom First post-pollination - about May 25 to June 1 Second post-pollination days after first post-pollination Cover sprays - beginning 7-12 days after second post-pollination continue as needed on a 7-12 day schedule. 97 195
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Blueberry Insects Scale Delayed dormant Just before bud break
Dormant pruning Foliar sprays for crawlers Reduced vigor Uncontrolled - death
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Blueberry Insects Leafrollers Season long pest Foliar sprays Removal
Not serious pest
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Blueberry Insects Leafhoppers Stippling Chlorosis Hopperburn
Young leaves Young trees
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Blueberry Insects Leaf Miners Adult deposits eggs
Larvae feeds on foliage Post pollination Cover sprays
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Blueberry Insects Cherry Fruitworm Eggs laid on fruit
Larvae bore into fruit Brown trails Distorted fruit Well timed sprays
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Blueberry Insects Aphids Sap suckers Distorted leaves Honeydew
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Blueberry Insects Plum Curculio Early season pest Attacks fruit
Crescent scars Fruit drop
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Blueberry Insects Blueberry Maggot Most important pest
Larvae feed inside berry 1 per berry Flies emerge in June Most severe Following cold winter Wet conditions at harvest Spray every 10 days when flies begin egg laying
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Blueberry Harvest Limited production first year
Mature plants produce 14 to 23 pints depending on pruning and variety Cluster does not ripen evenly: Harvest individual berries Ripe berry is uniformly blue Harvest every 5 to 7 days
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Acknowledgements Appreciation is extended to the following for the use of some images contained in the Backyard Fruit Production Program: Michigan State Cooperative Extension Service North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service Ohio State University Cooperative Extension Service Oregon State Cooperative Extension Service Texas Cooperative Extension Service West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service
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Backyard Fruit Production
Program developed by: Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University Susan Gray, County Extension Educator, Horticulture Phil Pratt, Area Extension Specialist, Plant Pathology Jim Shrefler, Area Extension Specialist, Horticulture Bill Stacey, Area Extension Specialist, Entomology
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