1. Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity G. Tyler Miller ’ s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 6 G. Tyler Miller ’ s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 6

2. Chapter 6 Day 1 “ Who ’ ll Stop the Rain ” Creedence Clearwater Revival Tests 25 Notes35 Biomes 30

3. Chapter 6 Day 2 “ Elephant ” Pete Seeger Warm-up 20 Burlese funnel Lab 50 Debrief Lab 10 Talk about Forecast 20 Talk book selection

4. Chapter 5 Day 1 “Ghost World” Amy Mann “Ghost in a Crowd” Sister Hazel Chapter 5 Notes

5. Chapter 5 Day 3 “Blue Skies” Willie Nelson Chapter 5

6. Key Concepts  Factors influencing weather- short term weather events  Factors influencing weather- short term weather events  Factors influencing climate- formed over decades climate is long term weather patterns  Factors influencing climate- formed over decades climate is long term weather patterns  Effect of climate on distribution of biomes  Characteristics of major biome types

7. Chapter 6 Day 3 “ November Rain ” Guns and Roses Notes

8. Seasons… Climate or Weather? Fig. 6-7 p. 106

9. Climate  Temperature  Precipitation  Uneven heating  Seasons  Earth ’ s rotation  Properties of air and water Fig. 6-5 p. 105

11. Figure 6-8 Page 107 60ºN 30ºN 0º 30ºs 60ºS Cold deserts Westerlies Forests Hot deserts Northeast trades Forests Equator Hot deserts Forests Southeast trades Westerlies Cold deserts

12. Air Circulation Fig. 6-8, p. 107 Fig. 6-10, p. 107

15. Weather basics Weather often caused by leading edge of fronts –Warm front boundary between warm front and cold air it replaces –Cold front air stays close to ground associated with thunder storms. Jet stream large air mass which circles the earth strong influence on weather patterns

19. Weather often caused by leading edge of fronts –Warm front boundary between warm front and cold air it replaces –Cold front air stays close to ground associated with thunder storms. Jet stream large air mass which circles the earth strong influence on weather patterns

20. Weather: A Brief Introduction  Weather  Warm front  Cold front  Weather extremes Fig. 6-2 p. 102

21. Thunderhead cloud the result of a when advancing warm air meets retreating cold air

22. Drill:

24. Figure 6-3 Page 103 Descending cool air Severe thunderstorm Tornado forms when cool downdraft and warm updraft of air meet and interact Rising warm air Severe thunderstorms can trigger a number of smaller tornadoes Rising updraft of air Warm, moist air drawn in

25. Hurricane in NH Typhoon in SH Rising winds exit from the storm at high altitudes. The calm central eye usually is about 24 kilometers (15 miles) wide. Moist surface winds spiral in towards the center of the storm Gales circle the eye at speeds of up to 320 kilometers (200 miles) per hour.

28. Climate ???

31. Short-Term Climate Changes: ENSO Fig. 6-12 p. 108

32. El Nino Usually noticed around Christmas time Westerly winds weakened or reversed Occurs when a change in the direction of the surface winds warms the coastal surface waters and suppress upwellings off the coast of SA. EN Surface Oscillation- change in the pressure near Tahiti due to this change Surface waters warm along Northern south America causes upwelling to slow or stop. Has global effects but locally is measured off the coast of South America and in Tahiti

33. El Niño Unusually warm periods Unusually high rainfall Drought

34. La Nina Opposite in terms of the effect on upwellings and pressure in Tahiti but has different effects on global climate

35. La Nina Cooling counterpart to El nino More Atlantic Hurricanes Colder winters in Canada and NE Warmer drier winters in south east and southwest US Wetter in Pacific NW Very wet (flooding) in Southeast Asia Wildfires in Fl

36. Wind Movement of surface water Diving birds Nutrients Upwelling Fish Zooplankton Phytoplankton South America

37. Where is El Nino, La Nina, Normal?

38. NOAA

39. Cool Animations http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/

40. El Niño Unusually warm periods Unusually high rainfall Drought

41. Greenhouse Effect  Greenhouse gases Fig. 6-14 p. 110

42. Rain Shadow Effect  Microclimates  Leeward/ Windward  Microclimates  Leeward/ Windward Fig. 6-15 p. 110

45. Microclimates Mountains –Altitude –Shadow Cities –Heat island effect Ocean –Sea breezes

46. Biomes: Latitude and Altitude Fig. 6-18 p. 112 Refer to Fig. 6-17 p. 112

47. Biomes: Climate and Life on Land  Relationship between latitude and altitude  Desert Biomes  Grassland, Tundra and Chaparral Biomes  Forest Biomes  Mountain Biomes

48. Desert Biomes  Tropical deserts Refer to Fig. 6-20 p. 114  Temperate deserts  Cold deserts

49. Tropical Desert

50. Grassland, Tundra, and Chaparral Biomes  Tropical grasslands and Savannas  Temperate grasslands  Polar grasslands (Arctic tundra)  Permafrost  Alpine tundra  Chaparral Refer to Figs. 6-23, 6-24, and 6-25 pp. 116-119

52. Temperate grassland (Lawrence, Kansas) Temperate Grassland

53. Forest Biomes  Tropical rainforest  Temperate deciduous forest  Evergreen coniferous forest (boreal forest)  Temperate rain forest Refer to Figs. 6-29, 6-30, 6-31, and 6-32 pp. 121-124

54. Mountain Biomes  Mimic latitude  Islands of biodiversity

55. What factors influence the amount of sun that hits the earth?

56. The low latitudes are near the poles.

57. What factors moderate temperature?

58. Which biomes tend to be most fragile? Why?

59. What threats exist for each biome?

60. Which biome has the greatest Diversity? Why?