1. Vertebrates b Phylum: Chordata b Subphylum: Vertebrata

2. Characteristics b Notochord b Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord b Pharyngeal Pouches b Post-Anal Tail

3. b Bones/Cartilage b Cranium b Endoskeleton

5. Vertebrate Evolution b 550 million years ago b Jawless Fishes

6. Fishes b Class Agnatha Hagfishes & LampreysHagfishes & Lampreys

7. b Cartilage Skeletons, External Fertilization, and Freshwater Fertilization.

8. b Class Chondrichthyes Sharks, Rays, and SkatesSharks, Rays, and Skates

9. b Placoid Scales, Lateral Line System, Olfactory Bulbs, Cartilage Skeletons, Internal Fertilization

11. b Class Osteichthyes Bony Fishes (lobe-finned and ray-finned)Bony Fishes (lobe-finned and ray-finned)

12. b Bone, Lungs or swim bladder, Scales, Gills, & Mostly External Fertilization.

15. Amphibians

16. Amphibian Characteristics b b Aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult form: metamorphosis. b b Moist, thin skin with no scales. b b Feet, if present, lack claws and often are webbed.

17. b b Gills, lungs, and skin used in respiration. b b Eggs lack shells. b b External Fertilization b b 3 Chambered Heart

21. Reptiles Reptiles evolved from Amphibians.

23. Amniotic Egg

24. Water-Tight Skin

25. Gas Exchange b Lungs

26. Energy b Ectotherms

27. Circulation

28. b Crocodiles have a 4 chambered heart.

29. Birds

30. Feathers b Down, Contour, & Flight

31. Skeleton b Lightweight and Rigid

32. Endothermic Metabolism b Eat often to supply energy to maintain their warmth.

33. Respiratory System

34. Mammals

35. Characteristics b Endothermy b Hair b 4 Chambered Heart b Milk b Single Jawbone b Specialized Teeth