2. MR. SUE UNIT 2 SECTION A NOTES

3. BASICS OF THE ATOM Current Model Atom is mostly empty space The Nucleus contains Protons (+) and Neutrons (no charge) Electrons travel in the cloud around nucleus Electrons located in the outer level are called Valence Electrons Valence Electrons have the most potential energy, and therefore are the first to react

4. BOHR MODEL This model depicts electrons in an atom Notice how 2 go into the first level, and 8 can go into the second, third, and so on. Could you predict how many protons this atom has?

5. IONS AND ISOTOPES If you recall, Ions are atoms that either have a positive or negative charge They become charged by either gaining electrons (anions) or by losing electrons (cations) Isotopes are similar. They are atoms that have either gained or lost a neutron Since neutrons do not have a charge, Isotopes also do not have a charge Isotopes, however, have a different mass from each other. Mass Number = # of Protons + # of Neutrons (electrons are ignored)

6. IONS

7. ISOTOPES

8. PRACTICE Ions Fill in the missing information: Mg 2+ = 12 protons 10 electrons N 3- = 7 protons 10 electrons I - = 53 protons 74 neutrons 54 electrons Isotopes Fill in the missing information: 30 Si = 14 protons 14 electrons 16 neutrons 234 U = 92 protons 92 electrons 142 neutrons

9. REVIEW Every Element is Unique No two elements have the same: Symbol Name Atomic Number Atomic Number = The number of protons

10. PATTERNS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 1.Elements are Arranged by Increasing atomic number 2.Elements are also Arranged by Number of Valence Electrons 3.Ionization Energy is another Periodic Pattern, and it is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an atom’s outermost electron 4.Many more patterns too! You just wait http://www.periodictable.com/ http://humantouchofchemistry.com/pages/perio dictable.html

11. PATTERNS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Columns in the Periodic Table are numbered They are called “Groups” or “Families” Elements in the same group have similar properties The 1 st element in every group is the smallest, the last is the largest.

12. PATTERNS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Rows in the Periodic Table are called “Periods” Elements in the same Period do not have similar properties However, 1 st element is always an active solid, and last element is an Inactive Gas (Noble Gas) The first element in a row is also the largest of the period

13. TYPES OF ELEMENTS 1.Metals They Have distinct Properties -All metals have Luster -All metals are Malleable (bendable) and Ductile (drawn into wire) -All metals are Corrosive (rust) -All metals can Conduct electricity and react with Acids to produce H 2 gas

14. TYPES OF ELEMENTS 2.Nonmetals No luster (dull), not malleable (brittle), not corrosive While metals are almost all solid at room temp, nonmetals can be all 3 phases, and many are gases 3.Metalloids (means Metal-like) Some are malleable Some have luster Silicon is an example of a Metalloid Some can conduct, and are often referred to as Semi - conductors

15. ASSIGNMENT Obtain a computer from the cart along with 1 partner (no groups of 3). You may work alone if computers are available. Log in to your account Open up Excel on the laptop On your iPad, open the links on the handout given. Save your Excel graphs at the end of class Print out your Excel graphs for both you and your partner (You may want to copy and paste them into a word document) to include with this packet.