1. Chapter 1 Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

2. To teach is to learn twice. – Joseph Joubert Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

3.  What are your thoughts about standards?  Are they useful for providing a roadmap for students and what they need to learn?  Do you find them too limiting? Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

4.  Warning signs and labels  Disclaimers  Road signs  Insurance policies  Help-wanted ads  Tax forms  Instructional manuals and directions  Information online What other examples can you think of? Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

5. Constructivist theory Zone of proximal development Hierarchy of human needs Critical literacy theory Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

6.  Physiological  Safety  Love and belonging  Esteem  Self-actualization As a teacher, what is your role in helping to meet your students’ needs? Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

7.  Literacy is more than accurately and fluently reading a text.  Readers should also actively engage with it. Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

8.  Expose students to texts that “lead them to new ways of understanding the world.” (Labadie, Mosley-Wetzel, & Roger, 2012, p. 119)  Encourage students to find their voice and then take action against social injustices in society. (Beck, 2005) Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

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10. Phonics Approach Linguistics Approach Sight Word Approach Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

11.  Focuses on reading and writing for meaning  Recognizes that systematic instruction is essential to meet the needs of individual learners  Understands that students do not all require the same amount of instruction Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

12.  Percentage of K–12 students who are English learners:  In 2007, 5 percent  In 2010–2011, 10 percent  By 2050, it is expected to increase to 40 percent. —Center for Public Education, 2013; IRA, 2001  Hispanic population is now larger than the African American population in the U.S. Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

13.  Silent stage  Early production stage  Productive language stage  Intermediate fluency language stage Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

14.  Understand families and cultures  Base lessons on students’ interests  Use collaborative learning groups  Provide well-qualified tutors  Provide challenging learning tasks  Allow students to use their native language  Allow students to talk and ask questions in a risk-free environment  Display cognates on a word wall  Provide social settings so learners can learn from communicating with peers Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

15.  I + 1 Theory  Visual scaffolding  Total physical response (TPR)  Sheltered instruction (SI)  Choral reading  Interactive writing  Language experience approach (LEA)  Shared reading  Audiobooks Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

16.  How do you view:  Reading?  Reading instruction?  Reading errors?  DeFord Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP):  For reflecting on personal views of reading and reading instruction. Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

17.  Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1966  The America Reads Challenge Act, 1997  The National Reading Panel Act, 1997  No Child Left Behind Act, 2001  Response to Intervention, 2004  Common Core State Standards, 2010 Federal law mandates quality instruction that ensures that all children― regardless of race, gender, or ability― will reach their potential. Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

18.  Being literate is more than having foundational skills of literacy.  Students who meet the standards:  Readily undertake close, attentive reading  Enjoy complex works of literature  Habitually perform critical reading  Actively seek thoughtful engagement with high- quality literary and informational texts  Demonstrate cogent reasoning and use of evidence Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

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20.  Reading today:  Ebooks, text messages, websites, wikis, blogs, movies, advertisements, billboards, visual arts, songs, drama, and various multimedia  Teachers need to understand the reading process used with these formats.  Technology: Can help students develop literacy skills and become active learners. Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

21. Four basic literacies: 1. Technological literacy 2. Media literacy 3. Visual literacy 4. Informational literacy Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

22. Social networking tools WebQuests Editing Wikipedia articles Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

23.  Constantly examine how they are impacting student learning.  Continuously study the effective use of technology to enhance literacy skills.  Formulate and revise opinions regarding reading instruction, assessment, and remediation. What else would you add? Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

24.  Who was the teacher who had the most positive impact on you when you were in school?  What made her or him so effective?  How will you become an effective teacher yourself? Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers

25.  You can see video interviews with a primary teacher and an intermediate teacher about assessment and intervention strategies.primary teacherintermediate teacher Copyright © Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers