1. The Vikings Known as the Norse, the Vikings lived from the 8 th Century until the 12 th Century A.D. (about 700-1100 A.D) They were the first Europeans proven to have crossed the Atlantic Ocean and to have lived in North America.

2. Where the Vikings lived The Vikings came from Scandinavia: Norway Denmark Sweden They explored and conquered new lands in order to increase their agricultural (farming) land to feed the growing number of Vikings. Iceland Greenland They were the first Europeans to reach North America: Baffin Island, Labrador, and Newfoundland

3. What the Vikings did The Vikings were like pirates who raided, robbed, killed, sailed to many lands, prayed to their gods, used tools and weapons. They were the best sailors and navigators of their time. They conquered and took possession of the land for themselves. They farmed

4. What the Vikings used Weapons: swords, armour, chain mail, shields, helmets, spears, axes, bow and arrow Tools: hammers, combs, made from metal, wood, animal bones, boots and clothing from animals, navigation needle table. Fire

5. Ships Longboats- strong boats used for traveling and battle Knarrs- smaller long and narrow boats used for transporting people and supplies. Ship heads- dragons and other scary heads for the front of their ships used to scare their enemies. They made them look like sea monsters because they believed the ocean was full of them. They were taken off on shore because it was bad luck to keep them on.

6. How the Vikings lived Longhouse A wide open area for many families that was made of wood and covered with turf (earth and grass). There was a hole in the roof to allow the smoke that was used for heat and cooking to escape. Language- Norse, writing- Rune alphabet After they conquered land, they took people as slaves. They farmed their land.

7. What they believed in They believed in their Kings and Norse gods. Thor- god of thunder, Odin- chief god, Frey- fertility god. Sea monsters Myths and Legends: oral stories passed down from generation to generation from old to young… Afterlife- Hall in Assgard (Valhalla)

8. Erik the Red Born in Norway. Red for the colour of his hair. His Saga: His father was sent to Iceland. In 982, Erik became the first European in Greenland. Named it that to attract other Vikings for settlement.

9. Leif Eriksson Son of Erik the Red. Left Iceland and he grew up in Greenland. He was the first European to set foot in North America around the year 1000. He discovered Helluland, (rocky); now believed to be Baffin Island. He reached Markland (forest); now called Labrador. He reached Vinland (vines, green); now called Newfoundland. They abandoned the small colony in fear of native attack.

10. Vikings in Canada L'Anse aux Meadows, Nfld. National Historic Site of Canada The only known Viking settlement in North America The reconstructions of three Norse buildings are the focal point of this archaeological site.The archaeological remains at the site were found in 1960 by Helge Ingstad and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. Exhibits highlight the Viking lifestyle, artifacts (rusty nails,stone lamp,copper pieces, anvil stone) Most important finding: soapstone spindle whorl- used by Viking women to spin wool into yarn. This proved it was a Viking settlement that even had women.

11. What happened to the Vikings They stopped their raids and The English finally conquered them to extinction in the 12th Century.