2.  King  Vassal  Fief  Knights  Peasants  Serfs  Manor  Self Sufficient community  Tithe  Lay Investiture  Concordat of Worms  Holy Roman Empire

4.  Invasions from:  The North (Vikings)  The East (Magyars, tribal barbarians)  The South (Muslims) ▪ Came from North Africa ▪ Sacked Rome in 846

5.  What would you do if your society were under constant attack from the outside?  Feudalism is the answer!!!  A centralized king was no longer able to provide protection  People began looking to local rulers for protection and support

6.  Feudalism emerges between 850 and 950 A.D.  In 911 Rollo (a Viking prince) swore allegiance to the king of France, Charles the Simple  Pledge of loyalty for land  This starts a very rigid social system known as FEUDALISM

7.  King-Highest ruler of a kingdom or region; inherits their power.  Vassal- Lower noble or bishop who received land in return for military services  Fief- the land that is granted to the vassal  Peasant- people who worked the land in the middle ages  Serf- people who could not lawfully leave the land they were born on  They were not slaves

8.  Manor- A lord’s estate (landholding)  Rights and obligations  This was a give and take system  The lord gave:  Housing, farmland and protection  Peasants and serfs- owed several days of work a week PLUS a portion of their crops  The serfs gave:  Worked the land, cared for animals, maintained the estate

10.  These were very self-sufficient communities  Around 15-30 families per manor  P & S almost never traveled more than 25 miles from their farm ▪ P & S were born on the farm they would die on  Taxes  Grinding grain, Marriages  Tithe- religious tax given to the church, 1/10 th of their income

11.  Life expectancy was around 35 years  Why would they put up with these living conditions? Why not revolt?

12.  God determines a persons place in society

13. LLack of centralized government leads to the church filling this void PProvided a stable force ““The church held the spiritual sword while the emperor held the political sword” PPope Gelasius

14.  Heaven  Kings and Peasants can both go to heaven: eternal salvation

15.  They can excommunicate political rulers  The Church could also prevent all religious ceremonies, or Sacraments, from being held on a lords property  This was called Interdict  The Church also had canon law  Everyone, regardless of social rank had to obey these church laws

16. <http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=tdA8DMISJ1o>

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