1. By:Taya Howell

2. What Is a Fossil? Fossil- remains or impression can be a shell, bone, hole, or a footprint Process of Fossils Dead organisms Mussels and Minerals are buried in organisms decay replace the sediment. hard tissue or tissue then bones are left. turns to rock.

3. Cast and Mold Mold – the hardened sediment that shows the organisms shape Cast – When sediment fills the mold and hardens a model of the organism is left

4. What is Most Common Thing To Become a Fossil  When small animals get stuck in tree sap, the tree sap hardens, the small animal is preserved in it.  When an organism has hard tissue, bones, or shells.  When an organism lives in water.  When the organism lives in a calm environment like a lake, fast moving water breaks up the remains also it deposits less sediment.

5. Fossil Fuels- energy rich resources, which come from buried remains of once living organisms Every living thing has energy stored in their cell. When an organism dies most of the energy stays in the cells. Millions of years ago small organisms lived in the oceans. When they died the energy in their cells stayed in their cells. Sediment covered them. Then high temperatures and the pressure of the layers of sediment above them changed then into petroleum, a type of fossil fuel. We use petroleum to drive our cars, and produce electricity. Fossil Fuels

6. Types Of Fossils Fuels  Coal  Natural Gas  Petroleum  Oil

7. Process Of Petroleum Protists in the ocean Pressure and high The petroleum and capture the suns energy temperature changed the natural gas collect in and stored it. When they remains into petroleum pockets between died they fell to the ocean and other natural gases. layers of rock. floor sediment covered then. What do we use petroleum for?  Polystyrene (forms the hard casing on computers and many other appliances)  Clothing ( helps make clothing non flammable and colorful)  Fuel our cars  Laundry detergent ( the bottle and the active ingredients)  Heating And much more

8. Coal Process Of Coal 1.Swamp plants died and sank to the bottom of the swamp. 2. Sediment buried the decayed matter. 3. The moisture was pressed out dense coal remains. 4.Bacteria, plants, and fungi were very important in the formation of coal. What Do We Use Coal For?  Heat  Electricity  Making Steel  Power Locomotives

9. Index Fossils Index fossils are fossils of an organism that lived in many places during a short period of time. Trilobites- were common during the Paleozoic Era(245 to 545 million years ago) and became extinct during the Permian Era Ammonites were common during the Mesozoic Era (65 to 245 million years ago)

10. Sedimentary Fossils Sedimentary rocks form in layers so the bottom layer is the oldest, the top is the youngest. Index fossils help us figure out the age of the fossils. Fossils also tell scientists how Earth has changed. You can see the different layers.

11. Antarctica Many fossils from sea animals were found on tops of mountains. This tells us that Antarctica used to once be at sea level. Fossils have been found from warm places in Antarctica. This means Antarctica used to be much warmer. Antarctica used to be much warmer we know this because Antarctica used to be closer to the equator. After millions of years it drifted south.

12. Before After

13. Southern California Southern California used to be wet and cool. We know this because of the La Brea Tar Pits located in Southern California. Many animals get stuck in these, and over time become fossilized. The different types of animals tell us what used to live there.

14. Mass Extinction Mass Extinction- a period of time when a large number of species become extinct Around 200 million years ago there was a mass extinction. Many land and ocean animals became extinct. We are still not sure what causes a mass extinction. It may be caused by an asteroid hitting Earth, a decrease in food, or a major climate change. After this mass extinction dinosaur ruled the Earth, this is known as the Age Of The Dinosaurs. Then the also dinosaurs suffered a mass extinction.

15. Changes Through Time Many species did not become extinct, they adapted over time. They can adapt to the changes in the environment. We know that birds have changed a lot but sharks have not because of their fossils. Bird have changed because the life on land is harder when the climate changes. Sharks have not changed because the ocean temperature usually stays the same.

16. Beaver Fossils Beaver fossils from 15,000 years ago look the same as ones from today, except they are much smaller now.

17. http://www.conocophillips.com/EN/about/energy/pages/petr oleumhouse.aspx http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/gloss ary/IndexFossils.shtml Book – Dinosaurs Walked Here and Other Stories Fossils Tell by Patricia Lauber Book- Fossils Bibliography

18. Thank You For Watching My PowerPoint