1. Native Americans in SC
8-1.1 Summarize the collective and individual aspects of the Native American culture of the Eastern Woodlands tribal group, including the Catawba, Cherokee, and Yemassee.

2. Warm-Up
On your index card answer the following. Explain why you think what you think.
What do the people who live here eat?
What are their homes made of?
What are their clothes made of?
What are their hunting weapons and farming tools probably made from?
How do they travel?

3. I. Native Americans in SC
Native Americans were split into tribes based on where they lived and what language they spoke.
SC tribes belonged to the Eastern Woodlands group.
Eastern = lived on the east coast of North America
Woodland = lived in forests
The Eastern Woodlands were the first group of people the Europeans saw when they landed in North America.

4. Language Algonquian Siouan Iroquoian.
The various Eastern Woodland tribes of SC spoke different languages including:
Algonquian
Siouan
Iroquoian.
All preserved their histories through the tradition of oral story telling.

5. D. Impact of Geography
The way they lived depended on what was around them and what the climate was like.
Waterways, flora (plant life), and fauna (wildlife) were plentiful.
Rivers used for fishing and transportation

6. Housing- made from natural resources available in the area they lived in such as, tree bark, clay, and animal skins.
Tools- They used rocks, wood, and animal pelts to create tools for hunting, such as spear points, and hand tools for farming.
Transportation- Tree trunks were used to make dugout canoes
Clothing- made from animal skin.

7. Farming- land was fertile
Developed slash and burn agriculture: cut down all the trees and burned the stumps and undergrowth to clear the land.
“Three sisters”: corn, pole beans and squash were the three main crops
They were NOT nomadic because they farmed. They stayed with their crops.
Women gathered fruits and nuts and were the primary farmers.
Slash and burn- is a method of clearing land for farming. They cut it down and then Corn provides a natural pole for bean vines to climb. Beans have nitrogen on their roots, improving the overall fertility of the soil by providing nitrogen to the following years corn. Bean vines also help stabilize the corn plants, making them less vulnerable to blowing over in the wind. Shallow-rooted squash vines become a living mulch, shading emerging weeds and preventing soil moisture from evaporating, thereby improving the overall crops chances of survival in dry years. Spiny squash plants also help discourage predators from approaching the corn and beans. The large amount of crop residue from this planting combination can be incorporated back into the soil at the end of the season, to build up the organic matter and improve its structure.

8. F. Land Ownership
Believed in “collective ownership” : the tribe owned the land together. They took care of it together.
What’s mine is yours, what’s yours is mine…collective ownership.

9. Warm Up
1. How did the Eastern Woodland Native Am. preserve their histories?
Writing books b. Snap Chat c. Code talking d. Oral story telling.
2. What geographic feature did the Easter Woodland tribes use for travel?
a Rivers b. foothills c. glaciers d. mountains
3. What is the name of the agricultural process that the Eastern Woodland tribes used to clear land?
The three sisters b. slash and burn c. cash and dash d. daub and wattle
4. Which of the following in a result of Eastern Woodland Farming?
The tribes stopped being nomadic b. destruction for no reason
Wars ended d. men became the farmers
5. What is the term used to describe the ownership of land amongst the Eastern Woodland tribes?
a. Daub & wattle b. slash & burn c. three sisters d. collective ownership

10. Three major Eastern Woodland tribes in SC
Cherokee in the blue ridge and upper foothills
Catawba in the piedmont
Yemassee in the coastal plains and coastal zone.
Cherokee
Catawba
Yemassee

11. II. Cherokee
Geography of the land in which they lived: foothills and mountains.
Called themselves “the real people” and were a very powerful nation.
They lived in large villages, of up to 600 people, surrounded by palisades.
Palisade: a sturdy fence made of large tree trunks made into spikes then driven deep into the ground.
Why did they need palisades? They were used for protection against enemy attack.

12. Housing:
Winter houses were round houses made out of wattle and daub in the winter
Wattle – bark and branches woven together, used for the roof (can also be used under wattle for the walls).
Daub- clay and grass for the walls.
Their summer the house was open to the air.
DAUB
WATTLE
Winter House
Summer
House
Why have two different styles of housing? Seems like a lot of work…

13. E. Fishing
One of the fishing methods used was to poison the water with walnut bark, which stunned the fish and caused them to float to the top of the water.
Fishing was done by the men.

14. Society- Council and other members
Organized into 7 clans with each clan having a different role in the society.
They had a council which led the village. The council included men and women.
The council’s role was to make rules for the village. They met in a 7-sided council house. The 7 sides represented each clan.

15. Others important members of the society
Each village had a holy man or women called the shaman. Their role was to communicate with the spirits to find a solution for earthly issues such as disease, drought or conflict
Each Cherokee village had two chiefs.
White Leader = peace time chief
Red Leader = war time chief
Cunne Shote (Standing Turkey)- Cherokee Red
from SC. Led his tribe during the French and Indian War

16. Summary frames:
Fold a sheet of paper into quadrants (4). In each quadrant you will summarize what you learned today, using the format provided. Draw a picture in each square to represent what you have written.
Describe:
_____________ is a ____________ that _____________.
Compare:
_____________ is similar to ____________ because___________.
Problem/solution:
_____________ wanted ____________ so _____________.
Cause and effect:
_____________ happens because ____________.

17. Warm UP
Which of the following is not one of the three major tribes in South Carolina?
Catawba b. Seminole c. Yemassee d. Cherokee
2. What did the Cherokee call themselves?
The river people b. the kind people c. the real people d. the war people
How are the Cherokee winter houses made?
Using daub and wattle
they are open air houses
They are tee pees made of animal skins
They are made only from birch trees
Who makes the rules for the Cherokee nation?
The council b. The shaman c. The red chief d. The women leaders
5. If you are a Cherokee and you become ill, who would you most likely see?
a. The red chief b. the white chief c. the Shaman d. The elder

18. Think like a Native American:
What is it? You have an item in your bag. Take it out and play with it. Mold it, shape it, break it apart…do whatever you’d like within reason.
So, what is it?
Clay…where does it come from?
Think back to 7th grade science. What do you know about the porosity of clay? (In case you forgot, porosity is the ability for liquid to flow through a material)
If you’re a Native American and live where there is a lot of clay soil, what can you do with the clay?
Make something with your clay that is an example of something they might make.
Illustrate what you made and describe how it can be helpful to your life as a Native American. Then roll the clay back into a ball and put it back into your bag.

19. III. Catawba Called themselves “the river people”
Lived near the rivers in the Piedmont region- specifically along the banks of the Catawba River.
Only tribe that has a reservation in present day SC. Located in Rock Hill.

20. Well known for their pottery
Well known for their pottery. Clay soil is abundant where they lived, so they used it to make various types of pots.

21. Lived in wigwams, or dome shaped hut, made of a tree branch frames covered in bark or mats of grass. Many of their villages surrounded by palisades.
Outside
Inside

22. Society- They also had a council house in their villages, which is where the leaders made the rules for the people.

23. Warm-Up
1. Which of the following most closely relates to this use of the rivers?
a. Three Sisters b. Dugout Canoes c. Wigwams d. Palisades
2. Which of the following in a long standing tradition of the Catawba?
Fishing with poison b. tent making c. basket weaving d. making pottery
3. Which of the following phrases best represents the Native American attitude towards land ownership?
a. “Private Property. Keep Out!”
b. “This land is my land, this land is your land.”
c. “Ten acres for sale. Low price!”
“VIPs Only!”
4. In which region can you find the Catawba?
Piedmont b. blue ridge c. coastal plains d. prairie
Which of the follow is not a common trait between the Cherokee and the Catawba?
Daub & wattle homes b. councils for decision making
c. Language d. palisades

24. If you lived here, what natural resources are available to you?
What can you use to make your house?
What can you eat?
Is farming likely here?

25. IV. Yemassee
Originally from Spanish Florida (present day Georgia) but moved to escape the Spanish governor. They settled between the Combahee and Savannah Rivers in present day Beaufort County.

26. Housing: Summer: lived on the beach in wigwams made of palmetto leaves
Winter: lived inland in wattle and daub homes with a palmetto leaf roof.
Ate oysters and clams
Society: They had a council for decision making; it sometimes included women.

27. V. European Arrival
Trade was established between the Native Americans and the new settlers.
Furs and deerskins were traded for iron tools, weapons, and guns.

28. V. European Arrival Soon they took over the land of the native people,
They cheated them in trade
Forced some natives into slavery.
As a result, tensions grew and The Yemassee War took place. This war caused the Yemassee to flee to Florida.
Another result of the European arrival was that they brought diseases such as smallpox. The Catawba population was cut in half from 5,000 to about 2,500 people.

29. Warm-Up
1. “The spirit of the great water was ready to surrender her oysters and clams.” To which of the following groups would this quote apply?
Yemassee b. Cherokee c. Catawba d.European
Which of the following is not a negative effect of the Europeans coming to North America?
The Native Americans were forced into slavery
The Europeans took over the land
The trade system and trade route was established
The Europeans cheated the Native Americans in trade
3. The Cherokee, Catawba, and Yemassee differed in the way that they lived. What factor most contributed to this difference?
a. Geographic region in which they lived
b. Differences in government
c. Variations in religious beliefs
d. A differing ancestral background
4. Which of the following was a cause of the decrease in population of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands?
Temple mounds b. Council Raids c. Agriculture d. Diseases
5. What style of housing did the Yamassee build?
a. Wigwams b. Pueblo c. Tipi (teepee) d. Longhouses