1. Chapter 6

2.  Viruses are living particles that damage body cells by reproducing inside them.

5.  When you have an infectious disease, toxins are in your body causing harm.

8.  Human pathogens cannot be spread through contact with a sick person or object in the environment, including other living things.

11.  Fungi are one-celled or multicelled organisms that grow in warm, dark, moist areas.

14.  In the 1860s, the French scientist Louis Pasteur concluded that ________________ were the cause of most infectious diseases. A. Microorganisms Microorganisms B. Germs Germs C. Pathogens Pathogens D. Viruses Viruses

17.  Joseph Lister’s methods dramatically reduced the percentage of patients who died from infection after _______________. A. Sickness Sickness B. Getting better Getting better C. Surgery Surgery D. Drinking dirty water Drinking dirty water

20.  The four major types of human pathogens are bacteria, ________________, fungi, and protists. A. Insects Insects B. Poison Poison C. Cancer Cancer D. Viruses Viruses

23.  A disease caused by a pathogen is a(n) ______. A. Infectious disease Infectious disease B. Long-term disease Long-term disease C. Incurable disease Incurable disease D. Curable disease Curable disease

26.  _____________ are one-celled organisms that can cause diseases such as malaria. A. Viruses Viruses B. Protists Protists C. Fungi Fungi D. Germs Germs

29.  The body has a disease-fighting system to eliminate ___________ before they can harm your cells. A. Pathogens Pathogens B. Cancer cells Cancer cells C. Germs Germs D. Viruses Viruses

32.  In the ___________ response, fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels and fight pathogens in nearby tissues. A. Immune Immune B. Inflammatory Inflammatory C. Fever Fever D. Sickness Sickness

35.  ____________ are molecules that the immune system recognizes either as part of your body or as coming from outside your body. a. Antibodies Antibodies b. Phagocytes Phagocytes c. Lymphocytes Lymphocytes d. Antigens Antigens

38.  In the ____________ response, certain cells in the blood and tissues react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at the pathogen. A. Immune Immune B. Inflammatory Inflammatory C. Sickness Sickness D. Fever Fever

41.  T cells and B cells are the two major types of _________________. A. White blood cells White blood cells B. Phagocytes Phagocytes C. Lymphocytes Lymphocytes D. Red blood cells Red blood cells

44.  If an infection is severe enough, it triggers the body’s third line of defense, the immune response.

47.  Most potential pathogens in food are produced by saliva in the mouth and acid in the stomach.

50.  In the second line of defense, the surface of your skin, breathing passages, mouth, and stomach function as barriers to pathogens.

53.  The inflammatory response is a general response of white blood cells, inflammation, and sometimes fever.

56.  When cells are damaged, they release chemicals that trigger the inflammatory response, the body’s first line of defense.

59.  Babies acquire ____________ immunity to some diseases before birth and are protected during the first six months after they are born. A. Active Active B. Passive Passive C. Overt Overt D. Strong Strong

62.  _____________ diseases can be treated with specific medications. A. Viral Viral B. Bacterial Bacterial C. Infectious Infectious D. All All

65.  Immunization, also known as _____________________, is the process by which harmless antigens are introduced into a person’s body to produce active immunity. A. Sickness Sickness B. Immunity Immunity C. Protection Protection D. Vaccination Vaccination

68.  You acquire ___________ when your own immune system produces antibodies against a pathogen in your body. A. Disease prevention Disease prevention B. Immunity Immunity C. Passive Passive D. White blood cells White blood cells

71.  ____________ are made naturally by bacteria and fungi, as well as artificially by human beings. A. Antibiotics Antibiotics B. Anti-virals Anti-virals C. Aspirin Aspirin D. Lunch Lunch

74.  Resistance is the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.

77.  You acquire passive immunity when the antibodies come from a source outside your body

80.  Both bacterial diseases and viral diseases can be prevented.

83.  Bacterial diseases have no known cure.

86.  In the reaction called active immunity, the body produces the antibodies that fight pathogens.