1. 01 December 2014 Grammar warmup Notes over Regionalism Going over Project Assignments Choose Project Assignments via random drawing of numbers List of students who have not chosen a book. Grammar Warmup quotation marks in split quotes. On your own paper write these sentences and correct them for spelling and quotation marks! 1. yesterday, john said, This afternoon I'll bring back your book conflict in the middle east; however, he did not return it. 2. certainly, mr. Martin said, I shall explain the whole situation to him. I know that he will understand and not feel that the eastern orthodox church is against him.

2. 1855-1910 American Regionalism, Realism, and Naturalism

3. Realism “The Civil War was a violent clash, not just of armies, but of ideas. Who was right, and who was wrong? What did it mean to be an American? Was any price too high to pay to keep the nation whole?”

4. What is Realism? A faithful representation of reality in literature A reaction against Romanticism Emphasis on development of believable characters. Written in natural vernacular, or dialect. Prominent from 1855-1870.

5. Realist Writers Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Frederick Douglass Abraham Lincoln Ambrose Bierce

6. What brought about Realism and Regionalism? Cultural Divide The Civil War The urbanization and industrialization of America  187o Chicago i-20,000 by 1910= 2 million Increasing rates of democracy and literacy The emerging middle class

7. Regionalism and Naturalism “Vast, varied, filled with seemingly limitless possibilities – that was the United States in the years following the Civil War. Yet, all around them in this land of hope and opportunity, writers saw fellow Americans living lives of hardship and even despair. Regionalism tried to capture the reality of ordinary people’s lives; naturalism searched for explanations.”

8. Regionalism Often called “local color.” Focuses on characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features specific to a certain region (eg. the South) Coincided with Realism and sharing many of the same traits. Prominent from 1870-1910.

9. Why did Regionalism develop? The Civil War and the building of a national identity An outgrowth of realism with more focus on a particular setting and its influence over characters Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869 Flood of settlers=declaration by Gov. that Frontier is closed in 1890/ Westward Expansion = appreciation for regional dialect, customs, culture, and diversity

10. Regionalist Mark Twain Kate Chopin

11. Who is Mark Twain? 1835-1910 Samuel Longhorn Clemens Grew up Hannibal, Missouri on Mississippi River Helped support family at young age after father’s death Worked for printer and a newspaper Took job on riverboat to write travel sketches where he spent four years Met all different people Remembered rivers lessons and took pen name even though eventually river was replaced by railroad Traveled extensively  Am. West –California  The World: wrote sketches, letters and lectures. Wrote The Innocents Abroad  After 1870 marriage settled in Hartford, Connecticut and wrote: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which secured his place as Great American Novelist

12. Tragedy for Mark Twain Despite literary success Debt from unsuccessful business ventures Facing bankruptcy in 1893, traveled and gave humorous lectures amidst:  Deaths of two daughtes  Wife’s fading health Last works reflect sorry and anger of this period which lasted until his death.

13. Setting: Effectiveness depends on description Geographical location and physical features: river, a camp, a house or a mode of transportation Time events take place: season of year or historical period The jobs and daily activities of the characters The culture of the characters  Religious and moral beliefs  Social and economic conditions in which they live

14. Dialect as part of setting Def: distinct form of a language spoken in one geographic area by a particular group. Why does Twain use it?  Establish Setting, provide local color and develop characters Relationship between characters and setting  How characters react to and in the setting  How characters react because of the setting and why this is significant to the plot helps differentiate the characters and adds to the satire of the story.  Twain: uses standard, grammatical English.  Simon Wheeler: he uses the common dialect of the West. The regional dialect is an important element of Twain's humor and use of the ridiculous.  capture the local color and make the characters more interesting and amusing.  For example, Simon relates,  " This-yer Smiley had a mare--the boys called her the fifteen-minute nag...."  Such colorful language creates humorous images in the mind of the reader.  Creates satire because character is unaware of ridiculousness of what he is saying.

15. Literary Devices Overstatement: an exaggeration used for emphasis or for humorous effect Hyperbole: form of overstatement. Figure of speech exaggerating or overstating a point. Understatement: technique of downplaying the significance of the outlandish often to be humorous or ironic.

16. Book Project Overviews https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1xmDNKDT0HqE psRugSEkJjOZzd2- dP4QPkWzcZ6mZvrc/viewform?usp=send_form https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1xmDNKDT0HqE psRugSEkJjOZzd2- dP4QPkWzcZ6mZvrc/viewform?usp=send_form Submit book project choice to this link today by Midnight or I will choose for you! If you have not chosen a book, fill out all other info and where it says book type in teacher choice.