2. Walls, ceilings and floors comprise the largest visual portion of a room.

3. Ceilings  Average height is 8 feet.  High or angled ceilings lend a feeling of dignity  Low or beamed ceilings create a warm and informal room.  Acoustic materials absorb sound  Long ago were often painted with murals, designs or pendants.  Most materials discussed can be used on ceilings

4. Walls  Bearing: Support weight of structure and can not be removed.  Non-bearing: Partitions that define space  They serve as: ○ Dividers for privacy ○ Noise control ○ Structure ○ Aesthetics.

5. Appearance…  Large patterns will make a large room appear closer.  Small patterns and light colors make a small room appear larger.  Mirrors create an illusion of space.  Wall coverings should coordinate with furnishings.  Colors should not overpower furnishings.  Vertical stripes will make a wall appear taller  Tall walls appear lower when ceiling and walls are same color.  Choosing a dominant feature in the room will help determine wall coverings.

6. Wall Coverings  1. Hard or Rigid Materials: Brick, Tile, Glass, Metal, Wood Costly Are permanent Require little/no upkeep Give natural texture Considered classic

7. Wall Coverings  2. Wallpaper: Tremendous variety to choose from Low to high cost, mostly modest Imitates natural materials Covers blemished walls Coordinates/Allows creativity Instant décor Can be washed depending on type of paper.

8. Types of Wallpaper  Fabric – fabric laminated to paper  Vinyl – backing with a vinyl layer, and a finish layer  Vinyl-coated – ordinary wallpaper with a coating of vinyl plastic to make it washable  Paper – paper printed with a design

9. Purchasing Wallpaper  Strippable –paper that can be stripped off the wall without scraping or steaming  Scrubbable – can withstand repeated wet cleaning  Pre-pasted – paper with a dry coating of paste that only needs to be moistened

10. Wallpaper Terminology  Single roll – contains about 36 sq. ft.  Double roll – the equivalent of 2 single rolls  Pattern repeats – how often the pattern will repeat, can be measured vertically and/or horizontally  Run/dye lot number – a single run of colors or single production. Dye lot shades may vary  Border – narrow and can be pasted over coordinating wallpaper or a painted surface

11. Wall Coverings  3. Fabric Large variety of patterns and colors Mounted in different ways: shirred, frames, upholstered, stapling Not as practical in areas that get a lot of wear or dirt. Average to high cost Vacuum to remove dirt and wash if possible.

12. Wall Coverings  4. Paneling Warm and attractive appearance Requires little maintenance Different forms and price ranges

13. Wall Coverings  5. Molding Strips of wood used for trim or ornamentation in a room. Main purpose is to finish off a window, door or wall. ○ Baseboard molding ○ Crown molding ○ Chair Rail

14. Crown Molding wide trim used on walls next to the ceiling Chair Rail – trim running horizontally about 3’ from the floor Base Board trim used on walls next to the floor Molding – strips of shaped wood used for trim or ornamentation in a room

15. Wall Coverings  6. Paint Most popular Least expensive wall covering Offers color, texture and variety Provides visual excitement Bright = attention Dark = close/advance Light = open/expand

16. Faux: Imitates other materials Trump l’oeil: fool the eye, 3-D

17. Paint  Types Oil-Based ○ Durable and washable ○ Must use solvent instead of water to clean up Latex/water based ○ Easy to apply ○ Quick drying ○ Easy cleanup with water  Finishes Flat, eggshell, satin, semi-gloss and high gloss

18. Flat finish  Reflects very little light  Least washable  Least expensive

19. Eggshell finish  Small amount of shine  More washable than flat

20. Satin finish  Smooth velvety look with a bit more gloss  Easy to keep clean

21. Semi-gloss Finish  Used most in residences  Subtle shine  Very washable

22. High-Gloss  Shiniest  Most durable  Easiest to clean  Shows more imperfections on the walls  Always choose a paint color that is slightly lighter than the one desire because paint dries darker.

23. Bob Villa’s Interior Paint Selection Guide Where traffic, moisture, and abrasion are likely to occur, high-gloss finishes may be recommended. Flat finishes and low-luster paints are better suited to quieter areas of the home and new construction.