1. CH.6 & 7 PANIC, PHOBIAS, GAD, PTSD, OCD Anxiety Disorders

2. Symptoms of Anxiety SomaticEmotionalCognitiveBehavioral Goosebumps emerge Muscles tense Heart rate increases Respiration accelerates Respiration deepens Spleen contracts Peripheral blood vessels dilate Liver releases carbohydrates Bronchioles widen Pupils dilate Perspiration increases Adrenaline is secreted Stomach acid is inhibited Salivation decreases Bladder relaxes Sense of dread Terror Restlessness Irritability Anticipation of harm Exaggerating of danger Problems in concentrating Hypervigilance Worried, ruminative thinking Fear of losing control Fear of dying Sense of unreality Escape Avoidance Aggression Freezing Decreased appetitive responding Increased aversive responding

3. Panic Disorder Theories Neurotransmitter Theories Kindling Model Genetic Theories Cognitive Theories Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

4. Treatments & Therapy Biological treatments  Tricyclic antidepressants  Serotonin reuptake (SSRIs)  Benzodiazepines Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

5. Phobic Disorders Agoraphobia Fear of places where help might not be available in case of an emergency Specific Phobias  Animal type  Natural environment type  Situational type  Blood-injected-injury type Fear of specific objects, places or situations Social Phobia Fear of being judged or embarrassed by others Secret Lives

6. Treatment of Phobias Behavioral Cognitive-Behavioral Biological

7. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Excessive anxiety and worry Difficulty in controlling the worry Restlessness or feeling keyed-up or on edge Easily fatigued Difficulty concentrating Irritability Muscle tension and sleep disturbance

8. GAD Theories Psychodynamic Theories  Realistic anxiety  Neurotic anxiety  Moral anxiety Humanistic and Existential Theories  Conditions of worth and existential anxiety Cognitive Theory Biological Theories

9. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Re-experiencing the traumatic event Emotional numbing Hypervigilance and chronic arousal “Survival Guilt”

10. Events which Induce PTSD Disasters Common Traumatic Events Combat and War-Related Traumas Abuse This Emotional Life

11. Treatments for PTSD Cognitive behavioral therapy Systematic desensitization is used to extinguish fear reactions to memories; cognitive techniques are used to challenge irrational thoughts. Stress management Therapist helps client solve concrete problems to reduce stress; may use thought stopping strategies to quell intrusive thoughts. Biological therapies Antianxiety and antidepressant drugs are used to quell symptoms Sociocultural approaches PTSD symptoms are understood and treated within the norms of people’s culture. EMDR

12. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessions  Recurrent and persistent thoughts, images or impulses  Catastrophic thinking  Inappropriateness  Understand that it is a product of his/her own mind Compulsions  Repetitive behaviors or mental acts  Done to relieve stress As Good As It Gets

13. Biological Treatments (SSRIs) Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments Treatments for OCD Exposure Therapy