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Published byColin Heath Modified over 8 years ago
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An introductory powerpoint presentation on the study of acids, bases and related concepts
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Acids are chemicals wherein the positive ion is hydrogen atom (H^+). For example: HCl or H2SO4 When mixed with H2O, they produce a free hydrogen ion that combines with a H2O molecule producing a hydronium ion (H3O^+) H^+ + H2O H3O^+ An acid is a substance that releases H^+ when it breaks apart in water.
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Taste sour React with metals to produce hydrogen gas 2HCl + 2Na 2NaCl + H2 Conduct electricity Change the color of acid-base indicators React with bases to produce salt and water
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Bases are substances in wherein the negative ion is called hydroxide ion, (OH)^-1 Examples are: NaOH, KOH Bases are used to make soaps, household cleaners, fertilizers and explosives
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Taste bitter Change the color of acid-base indicators Feel slippery Conduct electricity Bases react with acids to produce salts and water
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A salt is a compound formed from the positive metal ions of a base and a negative non-metal of an acid Examples are: NaCl, K2SO4 A product of a reaction between an acid and a base, along with water
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They form crystals when solidified They are compounds formed by ionic bonding, the reason for their crystalline form An acid plus a base produces a salt and water. HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH or HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
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Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base The products of neutralization reaction are a salt and water. Example reaction: HCl + KOH KCl + HOH (acid) + (base) (salt) + (water)
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The pH scale is a measure of acidic and basic nature of a solution ranging from 0 to 14. Acids range: 0 to <7, 0 being the strongest acid Bases range: >7 to 14, 14 being the strongest base pH 7 is neutral; pure water is neutral, neither acid or base The pH value gives a measure of the concentration hydrogen ions in a solution (H^+)
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An indicator is a substance whose color is sensitive to pH Blue litmus paper turns red to indicate acidic solution; red litmus paper turns blue to indicate basic solution; the pH paper changes color, matching with the pH range from 0 to 7 A liquid universal indicator also shows by color the pH value of a substance
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The pH range from 0 to 14 with sample substances is illustrated below:
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