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Chapter 2/3 Review Game The Chemistry of Life
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What is anything that occupies space and has mass? Matter
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What is made of a single kind of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances? Element
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What 3 subatomic particles make up the atom? Protons, neutrons, & electrons
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What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? Protons and neutrons
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What is the charge on each of the subatomic particles? Proton + (positive) Neutron 0 (neutral) Electron – (negative)
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What does the atomic number tell you? Number of protons Number of electrons
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What does the mass number tell you? Number of protons + neutrons
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What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons? Covalent bond
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When an atom gives away an electron – what is formed? An ion (a positive ion)
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The equation for photosynthesis is: CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 What are the reactants in this equation? CO 2 + H 2 O
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There is an uneven distribution of charge Electrons are shared unevenly You learned that water is a polar molecule. What does this mean?
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What side of the water molecule (oxygen or hydrogen) is negative? Oxygen
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What is the force that holds water molecules together – the reason for being able to get 35 drops of water on top of the penny? Cohesion
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What is the force called that attracts water to other substances – an example would be a meniscus in a graduated cylinder? Adhesion
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A solution consists of a solute evenly dissolved in a solvent. What would be an example of a solvent? Water
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What is the pH range of acids? Less than 7
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If you measure the pH of something as 7 – what term would describe this number? Neutral
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What are chemicals that neutralize the effects of acids and bases? Buffers
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What is the monomer of carbohydrates? Monosaccharide
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What three atoms make up carbohydrates? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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What is the main function of carbohydrates in our bodies? Main energy source
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What is the monomer for proteins? Amino acids
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What are the three parts of an amino acid? Amino group, R group, carboxyl group
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What is the monomer of lipids? Fatty acid
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What are 2 examples of lipids? Phospholipids, triglycerides, waxes, oils, steroids
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What is the monomer for nucleic acids? Nucleotide
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide? 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
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What is the main function of nucleic acids? Store and transmit (hereditary) information
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What type of lipid is solid at room temperature? Saturated fatty acids (triglycerides)
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Sucrose Carb
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Enzymes Protein
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) DNA Nucleic acid
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Waxes Lipids
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Phospholipids Lipids
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Starch Carb
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Glycogen Carb
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Muscle fibers (actin/myosin) Protein
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Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Sucrase Protein (enzymes end in –ase)
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