1. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition Musculoskeletal Function and Assessment

2. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Bone  Cartilage  Fibrous Connective Tissue (Ligaments)

3. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Movement  Protection  Stores Calcium

4. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Skeletal Muscle  Fibrous Connective Tissue (Tendons)  Fasciae

5. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Movement  Heat Production  Returns Blood from Legs

6. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Osteocytes  Calcium Salts  Collagen  Periosteum

7. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition Osteoblasts Produce Bone Growth and Repair Bone

8. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition

9.  206 Bones  Axial Skeleton ◦ Skull, Hyoid, Vertebral Column, Rib Cage  Appendicular Skeleton ◦ Arms/Legs, Shoulder, Pelvic Girdles

10. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition

12. Structure of Synovial Joints

13. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition

14.  Over 600 Muscles  Anchored to Bones by Tendons  Antagonistic Muscles  Synergistic Muscles

15. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Skeletal Muscles are Voluntary Muscles  Require Nerve Impulses for Contraction

16. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Termination of Motor Neuron on Muscle Fiber  Contains Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine

17. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Nerve Impulse Arrives at Terminal  Release of Acetylcholine across Synaptic Cleft  Acetylcholine Bonds to Acetylcholine Receptors  Sarcomere Shortens

18. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition

19.  Decreased Muscle Mass/Strength  Decreased Elasticity of Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage  Decrease in Intervertebral Space  Changes in Posture and Gait Changes

20. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Impaired Mobility  Increased Risk for Falls  Pain

21. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Subjective Data ◦ History  Injury  Occupation  Family History  Current Health  Diet History

22. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Physical Assessment ◦ Inspection, Palpation, Range of Motion  Psychosocial Assessment ◦ Deformities Affect Body Image

23. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Laboratory Tests ◦ Serum Calcium ◦ Serum Phosphorus ◦ Alkaline Phosphatase ◦ Myoglobin ◦ Muscle Enzymes ◦ Uric Acid

24. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  X-Rays  Computed Tomography  Dual Energy X-Ray Aborptiometry  Arthrography  Myelogram  Magnetic Resonance Imaging

25. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition  Gallium/Thallium Scan  Arthroscopy  Bone or Muscle Biopsy  Ultrasonography  Arthrocentesis  Electromyography