1. Options for Internet Access in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Sunday A. Folayan General Data Engineering Services [SKANNET]

2. The Internet - From the past …to the future  Small (4 university networks, 100’s users)  Scientific purpose  US based  Scientific backbone  Single jurisdiction  Regulated relations  A few scientific issues  Industrialised countries interest  Huge (today over 200,000 networks, 1 billion users )  Multi-stakeholder purpose  Global  Global economy backbone  Multiple jurisdictions  Contractual relations  Multi-layered stack of issues  Interest from Industrialised and developing countries

3. What are the Connectivity Options?

4. Duplex SAT3 (Fiber) + Terrestrial Link

5. Average Cost of Duplex Fiber (SAT3) Connectivity Currently, the cost of SAT3 connectivity is. –Landed at Lagos or Abuja $4,000/MB (Duplex) Unfortunately, SAT3 connectivity is not available outside Lagos and Abuja …. at a uniform cost.

6. Terrestrial Connectivity The cost of Terrestrial Connectivity is dictated by distance. –<100km is an average of $1,000/MB –>600km could be more than $3,000/MB Providers include Glo, MTN, Celtel, Layer3 etc. A large customer such as an NREN can dictate pricing … indeed driving costs DOWN.

7. Duplex Fiber (SAT3) + Terrestrial Link Duplex SAT3 + 100Km Terrestrial: –SAT3 Connectivity at SAT3 Hub- $4,000/Mb –Terrestrial within 100km- $1,000/Mb Total:- $5,000/Mb

8. Duplex Satellite Link

9. Average Cost of Satellite Connectivity The cost of Satellite Connectivity is dictated by Technology. –2.4M TDM (iDirect etc) - $4,000/MB –2.4M/3.8M SCPC/DVB - $3,000/MB –4.5M SCPC/DVB Inclined (>20MB)- $2,200/MB –7.3M SCPC/DVB Inclined (>45MB)- $1,500/MB

10. Where goes the satellite Dollars? 155MB Costs: IP - $6000 Fiber Charge - $6000 Teleport - $7,500 Transponder - $150,000 Total = $169,500 Per Megabit = $1,094 100% Markup = $2,188

11. Satellite + Terrestrial Distribution

12. Cost of Satellite + Terrestrial Satellite + 100Km Terrestrial: –7.3M SCPC/DVB Inclined (>45MB)- $1,500/Mb –Terrestrial within 100km- $1,000/Mb Total:- $2,500/Mb

13. RX Satellite + Tx SAT3

14. Cost of Satellite + terrestrial + SAT3 Local Satellite + 100Km Terrestrial [Return]: Since bandwidth may be asymmetrical, with RX being 4 Times TX, use Terrestrial for Return. A 2MB Terrestrial link will handle 8MB RX satellite –7.3M RX DVB Inclined (8MB)- $13,600 –2MB Terrestrial within 100km- $2,000 –2MB SAT3 Duplex- $8,000 Total:- $23,600 Cost/MB (23,600 / 10)- $2,360 per MB

15. Who is paying? Email can account for over 25% of some organization’s Bandwidth Traffic! With thousands of Hotmail, Gmail and Yahoo Email addresses, quite a lot of bandwidth is on what is not necessary. –Domesticate Services. An Institution paying $10,000 for bandwidth monthly, can cut it to $7,500 by domesticating Email services

16. Where are the costs? The costs are not necessarily in Bandwidth! Organizations should look at the total communication costs, not just …. “Browsing” By carefully re-aligning services, We can use the same terrestrial links for Data and Telephone, thereby saving a huge amount of money. –Use alternatives such as VoIP, Skype, Videophone etc. The CVC can choose to meet using Video Phones in the future, and move the Transport and Hotel costs to …Bandwidth! (Unless they want a getaway )

17. In Summary: Nigerian Academic and Research Institutions can lower Connectivity costs considerably. Now is the time to move …. To another phase … Cooperating and Collaborating –Sharing and recouping –Extending the frontier of Manpower Development and Academic Research. –Working for the good of the our National (Computing and Social) Network!

18. Thank You!