1. Study of possible ablations ion beams Daniele Scarpa LNL - INFN

2. The energy and momentum of a photon depend only on its frequency ν or equivalently, its wavelength λ: frequencywavelength where k is the wave vectorwave vector (with the wave number k = 2π/λ as its magnitude), ω = 2πν is the angular frequency,angular frequency Light… L IGHT, E NERGY, L ASER

3. Light (ν vs λ)…

4. L.A.S.E.R…… Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation L ASER

5. Absortion VS Emission (4 levels)… Pump Energy Emitted Energy L ASER

6. L ASER IN RIB F ACILITIES Ionization and isotope selection

7. Ionization method? Surface Ionization Plasma Ion Source Photo Ionization L ASER IN RIB

8. Photo ionization L ASER I ONIZATION

9. 0 eV ≈6 eV Laser system requirements: Tunable, High peak power, High repetition rate, Narrow linewidth Ionization Auto ionizing state Rydberg state λ1 λ1 λ2 λ2 λ3 λ3 Φ L ASER I ONIZATION  R ~ 10 -12 cm 2   ~ 10 -17 cm 2   ~ 10 -15 cm 2

10. Photo ionization while selecting species 123 Different ionization path can ionize different elements present L ASER I ONIZATION

11. QSW Laser Pump L ASER

12. QSW Laser L ASER

13. Today Photo-ionization scheme… IGSOL-JYFL (ONLINE) L ASER IN RIB

14. Today Photo-ionization scheme… HRIBF Nd:YAG Pump laser (60 W, 10 kHZ, 532 nm) Ti:sapphire lasers (supplied by the Mainz group) L ASER IN RIB

15. Today Photo-ionization scheme… Wavelength tuning range: Fundamental (  ) 530 - 850 nm 2nd harmonic (2  ) 265 - 425 nm 3rd harmonic (3  ) 213 - 265 nm HIE ISOLDE Replacement of copper vapor lasers 2005-2007 Upgrade of dye lasers 2006-2007 Installation of a Ti:Saphire laser system 2008-2009 L ASER IN RIB

16. ISOLDE 40 < Z < 46 73 < Z < 79 22 < Z < 24

17. ISOLDE 40 < Z < 46 73 < Z < 79 22 < Z < 24

18. L ASER @ SPES LNL first Aluminum laser ionization

19. Aluminum laser ionization Two step, one color ionization path: Al [308.216;308.216 e−] Al+ λ λ First step: Resonant λ =308,216 nm Second step: Non – resonant towards continuum same wavelength λ =308,216 nm Typical transition linewidth LNL L ASER I ONIZATION

20. Why Aluminum [1] Barbui et all. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 266 (2008) 4289 – 4293 SPES has developed a SiC target tested at HRIBF in Oak Ridge Aluminum comes from (Si,p) nuclear interaction LNL L ASER I ONIZATION

21. Mass Maker Technique Oven tube loaded with Aluminum salts and heated by current Aluminum evaporates and goes into hot cavity LNL L ASER I ONIZATION

22. Ionization first results (Faraday Cup Current) Laser off Laser On LNL L ASER I ONIZATION

23. L ASER AND OTHER P URPOSES Laser ablation and plasma generation

24. ECR - Well known - Commercial solutions - Complex - Not all elements

25. L ASER ABLATION …

26. Laser absorption in materials L ASER ABLATION

27. Laser – Plasma formation L ASER ABLATION

28. QSW Laser H IGH P OWER L ASERS

29. L ASER I ON B EAM

30. - High state charge - High current - Several material (all) - Low rep rate

31. L ASER I ON B EAM Ecr ion source Coupled to a Laser Ion Source for charge State Enhancement ECLISSE - LNS

32. L ASER I ON B EAM Ecr ion source Coupled to a Laser Ion Source for charge State Enhancement ECLISSE - LNS

33. L ASER I ON B EAM Lecce Laser Ion Source Q-switched XeCl Excimer (FWHM pulse duration ∼ 30 ns, λ = 308 nm)

34. L ASER I ON B EAM CERN Laser Ion Source P.Fournier, H.Haseroth, H.Kugler, N.Lisi, R.Scrivens, F.Varela Rodriguez, P.Di Lazzaro, F.Flora, S.Duesterer, R.Sauerbrey, H.Schillinger, W.Theobald, L.Veisz, J.W.G.Tisch, R.A.Smith Novel Laser Ion Sources, Int. Conf. Ion Sources 1999. 50 J Q-switched CO2 (FWHM pulse duration ∼ 30 ns, λ = 10,6 µm)

35. L ASER I ON B EAM Columbia University Microbeam 850 mJ Q-switched ND:YAG (FWHM pulse duration ∼ 15 ns, λ = 1064 nm)

36. L ASER I ON B EAM Dublin City University DCU Laser Ion Source 1.2 J Q-switched Ruby laser (FWHM pulse duration ∼ 35 ns, λ = 694 nm)

37. L ASER I ON B EAM Praga Laser Ion Source PERUN photodissociation iodine laser system (FWHM pulse duration ∼ 350 ps λ = 1315 nm)

38. L ASER I ON B EAM Experiment Laser ( /µm) E (J)  (ns) P t (W/cm 2 ) element + charge- state Ion current U.Herleb - CERNNd:YAG (1.06)0.853x10 10 Al 7+ Al - 20 mA / 4 µs / 12 mm MunichNd:YAG (1.06)0.310 12 Au 15+ Ta - 500 mA / 5 µs / 40 mm KaiserslautenNd:YAG (1.06)0.212010 11 Ta 6+ PERUN - PragueIodine (1.315)50>0.3510 15 Ta 42+ Ta - 22.8 mAcm -2 @ 94 cm IPPLM - WarsawNd:Glass (1.06)<20110 14 Ta 27+ + Ta 42+ Alberta, CanadaKrF (0.248)12-201-80x10 11 Al 7+ Alberta, CanadaRuby (0.694)12510 11 Al 4+ Imperial, LondonTi:Saph (0.780)<0.02150 fs>10 16 ~Xe 50+ ArkansasNd:YAG0.8Al 7+ LLNL? (400 nm)mJ140 fsC 6+ CERN LISCO 2 (10.6)297010 12 Ta 24+ Ta - 60 mA / 5 µs / 30 mm http://scrivens.web.cern.ch/scrivens/lis/reports/pshp9735/sumlas.html

39. L ASER @ SPES LNL first tests on laser ablation

40. Laser beam shape study in order to focalize into hot cavity 3 mm diameter 6 m far away LIS TEST @ LNL Laser beam delivery 100 mJ Q-switched Excimer laser (FWHM pulse duration ∼ 35 ns, λ = 308 nm)

41. Ion beam vs laser beam (Top View) Laser Beam Ion Beam Ion Source – Hot Cavity Faraday Cup LIS TEST @ LNL

42. Laser energy measurements: Φ hole 2 mm LIS TEST @ LNL

43. Laser energy measurements: 40 mW on 2mm diameter hole @ 5 Hz Delivered pulse energy 8 mJ Pulse duration 35 nsec 250 mJ/cm 2 7 MWpeak/cm 2 LIS TEST @ LNL

44. Front End target: Aluminum LIS TEST @ LNL

45. (?) Al + Δt ≈ 5,5 us From TOF-MS: Results: LIS TEST @ LNL

46. AlO + (?) 6,8 us Al + (?) 5,5 us From TOF-MS: Results: LIS TEST @ LNL

47. Laser Pulse >4 mJ Current Pulse: 1mV on 50 Ohm => 20 uA Results: LIS TEST @ LNL

48. Laser Pulse >8 mJ Current Pulse: 1mV on 50 Ohm => 20 uA Results: LIS TEST @ LNL

49. P ROPOSAL Possible laser ablation source @ high rep rate

50. LIS PROPOSAL Electron Plasma Coupled to a Laser Ion Source for high charge state generation Ions and atoms production by laser High state charge enhancement by electron plasma +

51. LIS PROPOSAL Electron Plasma Coupled to a Laser Ion Source for high charge state generation

52. L ASER I ON B EAM Work to do!! - Simulations - Build apparatus - Test with available laser - High rep. rate laser