1. 10-11 January 2011 Winter Storm: Key Points Very cold air mass plunged far south, making conditions in northern AL, GA, and SC conducive for snow Very dry air to the north over NC and VA prevented much of the precipitation from reaching the ground until Monday afternoon; heaviest amounts were to the south, which is climatologically unusual By the time the lower troposphere was sufficiently moist, dry air aloft was beginning to cut off dendrite formation; some moderate snow bands still formed across SC and NC, resulting in quick bursts of snow late Monday Dry air aloft and “warm” cloud tops, coupled with a moistened lower troposphere, resulted in persistent freezing drizzle Monday night into Tuesday morning Storm failed to strengthen off the Southeast coast; a likely culprit was the system upstream over the Plains, which may have robbed the east coast system of its energy

3. An unusual snowfall distribution…

5. 00 UTC Monday

6. 06 UTC Monday Strongly negative AO/NAO with the polar jet displaced far to the south Long-wave trough to the west with short-wave trough moving through the Deep South

7. 12 UTC Monday Snow is reaching the ground in GA and SC by early Monday morning

8. Very dry air mass over mid-Atlantic, VA, and NC prevents snow from reaching the ground

9. 12 UTC Monday

10. Blue line = 0 deg isotherm

14. 00 UTC Monday: GSO Cold, dry column at GSO before event begins

15. 00 UTC Monday: BMX Warm nose and FZRA at Birmingham early in the event

16. 00 UTC Monday: FFC Narrow warm nose and sleet at Atlanta

17. 15 UTC Monday

19. 1628-1748 UTC Monday Dry air to the north eroding the leading edge of precipitation in central NC

20. 18 UTC Monday

21. 1815 UTC Monday Dry slot moving across the Deep South is cutting off moisture in the dendritic growth zone

22. 2138 UTC Monday “Banded” structure to the precipitation across the Carolinas

23. 21 UTC Monday Snow begins to reach the ground in central NC

24. 2215 UTC Monday

25. 00 UTC Tuesday

26. 700 mb Southwesterly flow at 700mb helps warm up the low-levels

27. Dry air aloft (above 700 mb) beginning to starve the dendritic zone of moisture

28. 06 UTC Tuesday Freezing drizzle overnight in central NC due lack of dendrites, “warm” cloud tops, and moist lower troposphere

29. 12 UTC Tuesday: GSO

32. Did the upstream long- wave trough steal some of this storm’s energy???

35. 1 2 06 UTC Tuesday 1 and 2 above correspond to the soundings on the next slides

36. 1 Note the dramatic subsidence inversion and 1000-500 mb thickness values!

37. 2