1. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are DNA instructions that control the production of _________ or ________________--a chain of amino acids. --smaller sections of DNA --Genetic messages can be decoded by copying part of the nucleotide sequence from DNA into RNA. So why copy the DNA?

2. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 2 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall If DNA is the code for making proteins why can’t it be “read” by the ribosome. DNA can’t leave the nucleus because it is too ________. DNA is the instructions for building every protein; cells only need to make the proteins for that _________ of cell _____________ will break it down if detected outside the nucleus. THEREFORE MUST HAVE A WAY FOR MESSAGE TO LEAVE NUCLEUS AND GET TO THE _________________.

3. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 3 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Structure of RNA RNA consists of a long chain of ______________. Each nucleotide is made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

4. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 4 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Structure of RNA There are three main differences between RNA and DNA: The sugar in RNA is _______________ instead of deoxyribose. RNA is generally __________________ and shorter. RNA contains ___________ in place of thymine.

5. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 5 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.

6. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 6 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription What is transcription?

7. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 7 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription RNA molecules are produced by copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA. This process is called _________________. Transcription requires another enzyme, ______ ________________

8. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 8 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a ______________ from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA. Because the new RNA is carrying the instructions it is called:_____________

9. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 9 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription RNA polymerase binds only to regions of DNA known as ________________. Promoters are ___________ in DNA that indicate to the enzyme ______________________________ _____________ in order to make the RNA. Promoters consist of a ______________ and the first three letters of a real gene are __________.

10. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 10 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

11. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 11 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transcription RNA RNA polymerase DNA

12. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 12 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Nucleus mRNA Messenger RNA is transcribed in the ____________, and then enters the ____________ where it attaches to a ribosome and is translated into a protein.

13. 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Slide 13 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Genes and Proteins The sequence of bases in DNA is used as a template for mRNA. The ______ of mRNA specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Codon mRNA Alanine Arginine Leucine Amino acids within a polypeptide Single strand of DNA

14. - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 14 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3

15. Slide 15 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 The role of a master plan in a building is similar to the role of which molecule? a.messenger RNA b.DNA c.transfer RNA d.ribosomal RNA

16. Slide 16 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA is a.thymine. b.uracil. c.cytosine. d.adenine.

17. Slide 17 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 A region of a DNA molecule that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA is the a.intron. b.exon. c.promoter. d.codon.

18. Slide 18 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12–3 A codon typically carries sufficient information to specify a(an) a.single base pair in RNA. b.single amino acid. c.entire protein. d.single base pair in DNA.

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