1. Focus 10/30 The Middle East was strategically important for the western Europeans. Control of the region would provide a base of operation to extend imperialism into Asia. The weakening of the Ottoman Empire allowed Europeans to extend influence over the Middle East. Points for Discussion: Illustrate factors that led to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire. Critical Lens: Nationalism weakened the Ottoman Empire Term to Know: articulate

2. Europeans Challenge the Muslim World Muslim World

3. Europe in the Middle East Internal Challenges to Ottoman Empire -Wahhabis encourages more strict pure Islamic policies -Revolts against Ottoman rule due to rise of nationalism -Young Turks want Turkish Nationalism

4. Europe in the Middle East Rise of Turkish nationalism leads to genocide of Christian Armenians in Ottoman Empire

5. Armenian Genocide

6. Europe in the Middle East Britain, France, and Russia seek to take advantage of a crumbling Ottoman Empire

7. Europe in Middle East Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi) leads resistance against Britain in Sudan

8. Europe in Middle East Young Turks overthrow Ottoman Sultan in 1908 in order to attempt reforms to save Ottoman Empire

9. Europe in Middle East Muhammad Ali, known as “Father of Modern Egypt”, ambitious ruler who introduces economic reforms to Egypt.

10. Europe in the Middle East Muhammad Ali institutes political and economic reforms in an attempt to strengthen and modernize Egypt

11. Europe in Middle East French entrepreneur organizes a company to build Suez Canal, a man made waterway connecting Mediterranean and Red Sea.

12. Suez Canal

13. Europe in Middle East Egyptian nationalists revolt against government, Britain comes in crushes rebellion and makes Egypt a British protectorate

14. Europe in Middle East Both Britain and Russia fought for control of Iran -Russia wanted to protect southern frontier and expand into Central Asia -Britain wanted to protect interests in India

15. Europe in Middle East When oil is discovered in Iran, Russia and Britain begin to mobilize troops in an effort to imperialize Iran

16. Closure 1.Define the term imperialism 2.Explain why the Middle East was a strategic location for industrialized nations of western Europe 3.Illustrate the impact of nationalism on the Ottoman Empire. 4.Explain how the Armenian genocide represents the negative side of nationalism.