1. PERCEPTION!

3. What is perception? Go through your notes and in your own words write down what perception is?

4. Perception The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

5. Perceptions Influenced by: ----motivation ----Values ----Expectations ----Experience ----Culture ----Cognitive Style ----Personality

6. Perception Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

7. Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

8. Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

10. Gestalt Psychology We perceive whole objects, not isolated bits or pieces.

11. Gestalt The “whole,” or the organizational patterns that we tend to perceive Gestalt psychologists stressed that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. By breaking experiences into their basic parts, something important is lost.

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13. A Gestalt

14. Figure- Ground relationship organization of the visual field into object (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

15. Figure-Ground The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surrounding (the ground) The figure is the object (s) that stands out or draws one’s attention. The ground is the background.

16. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

17. Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups Patterns, shapes, forms

18. Grouping Several principles of grouping include: Similarity Proximity Closure Continuity

20. Grouping - Similarity The tendency to place items that look similar into a group

22. Grouping - Proximity The tendency to place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

24. Grouping – Closure The tendency to look at the whole by filling in gaps in a perceptual field

26. Grouping – Continuity The tendency to perceive that movement of an object continues once it appears to move in a particular direction

28. Depth Perception ability to see objects in three dimensions allows us to judge distance

29. Depth Perception: Binocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

30. Binocular Cues Depth cues that require the use of both eyes

31. Retinal Disparity A binocular depth cue resulting from slightly different images produced by the separation of the retinas in the left and right eye Is most effective when the item is quite close to the person

32. Binocular Depth Cues: Finger Sausage

33. Convergence A binocular depth cue related to the tension in the eye muscles when the eyes track inward to focus on objects close to the viewer The more tension in the eye muscle, the closer the object is Works best at close distances

34. Depth Perception: Monocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

35. Monocular Cues Depth cues that require the use of only one eye Monocular depth cues include: relative size, relative motion, interposition, relative height, texture gradient, relative clarity, and linear perspective.

36. Monocular Cues relative size smaller image is more distant

37. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Size Using the perceived size of a familiar object to determine depth The larger the object appears, the closer the object is to the viewer

38. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Motion A person who is moving can determine depth by focusing on a distant object. Objects further away than the object of focus will appear to move in the same direction as the subject is moving.

39. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Motion Objects closer than the object of focus will appear to move in the opposite direction.

40. Relative Motion

41. Interposition/ Overlap closer object blocks distant object

42. Interposition

43. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Height Method of determining depth by noting that distant objects appear higher in your field of vision than do closer objects

44. texture gradient coarse --> close fine --> distant (Look at the floor beneath you, and then across the room)

45. Monocular Depth Cues – Texture Gradient Method of determining depth by noting that distant objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects

46. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Clarity Method of determining depth by noting that distant objects are less clear than nearby objects Tends to work outdoors

47. Monocular Depth Cues–Linear Perspective Method of determining depth by noting that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance The lines appears to eventually merge on the horizon.

49. relative clarity/ Aerial Perspective hazy object seen as more distant (Look out window at the trees close to the window and the trees in the distance)

50. linear perspective parallel lines converge with distance

52. Motion Stroboscopic Motion- timed flashing lights that gives the illusion of movement

54. Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image Color/ brightness shape size

55. The door changes shape, but you know that it doesn’t really change

56. Muller- Lyer Illusion Which area is longer?

57. How about these ?

58. Which monster and line segment is larger?