1. (7th) Chapter 5-4 Cornell Notes
Genes, DNA, and Proteins

2. Chapter 5-4: Key Questions
What forms the genetic code?
A. __________________________
How does a cell produce proteins?
How can mutations affect an organism?

3. Chapter 5-4: Key Terms
messenger RNA-
transfer RNA-
mutation-

4. Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 1 genes control protein production in cells;
DNA: has 4 nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C);
genetic code: order of bases/one amino acid;
3 DNA base group codes for 1 amino acid.
Chapter Paragraph 1

5. protein synthesis: gene decides which protein to make;
occurs in ribosomes in cytoplasm;
RNA: genetic messenger;
RNA 1 strand, uracil (U) not thymine (T).
Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 2

6. Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 3
Messenger RNA (mRNA): copies/carries coded message from DNA to ribosome;
Transfer RNA (tRNA): carries amino acids to growing protein.

7. Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 4 protein synthesis: DNA molecule “unzips”;
mRNA enters cytoplasm, gives code to ribosome;
tRNA “reads” code, brings 1 amino acid to growing protein molecule.

8. Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 5 Mutations: can cause errors to protein;
results in changing phenotype/traits;
body cell mutation only affects cell;
sex cell mutation passed on to the next cell.

9. Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 6
some mutations harmful if affects chance of survival/reproduction;
others helpful or no change.