1. RNA

2. RNA RNA: Ribonucleic Acid. Takes info in DNA to create proteins DNA RNA PROTEIN

3. RNA How are DNA & RNA Different?

4. RNA 3 Differences between RNA & DNA: 1)Single stranded 2)Ribose instead of deoxyribose (sugars) 3)Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)

5. RNA S = Ribose (sugar) U = Uracil (nitrogenous base) P = Phosphate group

6. RNA 3 TYPES OF RNA: mRNA: messenger RNA rRNA: ribosomal RNA tRNA: transfer RNA

7. RNA mRNA: carries copies of instructions from DNA rRNA: part of ribosomes-where proteins are assembled tRNA: transfers each amino acid to the ribosome

8. RNA What is an amino acid?

9. RNA RECALL: 20 types of amino acids & proteins are a combo of any or all amino acids strung together

10. RNA RNA POLYMERASE: enzyme like DNA Polymerase

11. RNA TRANSCRIPTION: RNA Polymerase binds to DNA & separates the strands. It then uses 1 strand as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a RNA strand

12. RNA

13. RNA CODON: 3 consecutive nucleotides that specify an amino acid EXAMPLE: U C G C A C G G U Codons: UCG CAC GGU ↓ ↓ ↓ Amino Acids: Serine Histidine Glycine 64 possibilities so use a codon chart

14. RNA AUG = “start” UAA UAG = “stop” UGA

15. RNA INTRONS: Sections of DNA not involved in making proteins EXONS: Sections of DNA involved in making proteins

16. RNA TRANSLATION: The cell uses info from mRNA to produce proteins 1) mRNA transcribed (copied) from DNA 2) tRNA carries amino acid to ribosome; tRNA has 3 unpaired bases called an ANTICODON which match mRNA codon 3) 1 at a time the amino acids are placed in order & bonded together 4) The protein stops forming when the “stop” codon is reached