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Unit One Theoretical Assumptions in the Classroom HHS 4M Ms. Dana Dray
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Theoretical Assumptions The basic theoretical assumptions of the following theories would explain what happens in a classroom.
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Functionalism Assumptions Explains how society is to perform its required functions effectively The family is an institution within society Individuals within society have roles to play, each role has to play The most prevalent behaviours are called “norms” Change can occur if the structures within society can adjust to maintain an equilibrium, but this usually happens slowly Education The rules within the classroom give it structure Teachers have a higher status than students Teachers and students each have their own roles to perform There are norms or expected behaviours within the classroom for teachers and students
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Systems Theories Assumptions Attempts to explains how groups of individuals interact as a system There are subsystems within the system A change with one member of the system affect all others Education The classroom is a system The teacher’s behaviour affects the behaviour, & vice versa Providing feedback is important
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Symbolic Interactionism Assumptions Explains how individuals choose how they will act based on their perceptions of themselves and of others People need to give meaning to their experiences before they act on them Individuals communicating with one another, but they may give different meanings to actions and words Education Teachers & students each have their own perceptions of what it means to be a teacher and a student How a teacher or student responds to a specific situation will depend on how each interprets the situation Teachers & students may give different meanings to actions & words & this may cause problems
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Social Exchange Theory Assumptions Explains the social factors that influence how individuals interact within relationships Within their roles, individuals act to maximize the benefits they receive and minimize the cost to themselves Benefits to and costs of relationships are based on individuals’ perceptions not on facts Education When choosing to complete class assignments, students weigh the costs ( e.g. less time to talk to friends) and the benefits (e.g. a good mark)
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Conflict Theories Assumptions Explains how power holds a society together States that conflict exists between groups because of inequalities in power Assumes groups compete with one another to meet their needs, but the needs of all groups cannot be met Education Can result in the exploitation of those with less power by those with greater power Within a school or classroom, there is a power imbalance In a classroom where students have more power or control than the teacher, the class will not function effectively
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Feminist Theories Assumptions Explain the impact of sex and gender on behaviour Consider issues from the viewpoint of women Examine gender bias Believe change is required to meet the needs of all people Education Within schools, teachers can apply knowledge of recent on how males and females learn differently
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