1. Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein

2. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil, single stranded and found in and out of the nucleus Chapter 12

3. Molecular Genetics Messenger RNA (mRNA)  Long strands of RNA that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA (in nucleus) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)  Associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Smaller segments of RNA that transport amino acids to the ribosome 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

4. Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

5. Comparison of DNA and RNA DNA 1.Double stranded 2.Sugar is deoxyribose 3.Adenine binds to Thymine 4.Found only in the nucleus RNA 1.Single stranded 2.Sugar is ribose 3.Adenine binds to Uracil 4.Found in and out of the nucleus

6. Molecular Genetics Chapter 12

7. Molecular Genetics  Transcription - The process where mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus.  DNA is unzipped in the nucleus  RNA polymerase - enzyme that regulates mRNA synthesis 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

8. Molecular Genetics RNA Processing  The code on the DNA is interrupted periodically by sequences that are not in the final mRNA.  Introns -Intervening sequences  Exons - Remaining pieces of DNA that serve as the coding sequences 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

9. Molecular Genetics The Code  Experiments during the 1960s demonstrated that the DNA code was a three- base code.  Codon – a 3-base code in DNA or mRNA 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

10. Molecular Genetics  Translation – the process where mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled  tRNA act as the interpreters of the mRNA codon  Anticodon - a 3-base coding sequence on the tRNA that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

12. Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12 Trans/Trans Video

13. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics One Gene—One Enzyme  The Beadle and Tatum experiment showed that one gene codes for one enzyme. We now know that one gene codes for one polypeptide. Chapter 12