1. Exploration and Expansion What were the motivations to Europe to explore the world?

2. Motives and Means 1 st two countries were Portugal and Spain 1 st two countries were Portugal and Spain Later the Dutch, England, and France Later the Dutch, England, and France Europeans wanted to get to Asia (China and India) Europeans wanted to get to Asia (China and India) Influenced heavily by Marco Polo’s adventures Influenced heavily by Marco Polo’s adventures Trade had been overland until Muslim expansion blocked it Trade had been overland until Muslim expansion blocked it

3. Motives and Means Spices and perfumes were in heavy demand Spices and perfumes were in heavy demand Religious matters also motivated explorers Religious matters also motivated explorers “God, glory, and GOLD” “God, glory, and GOLD”

4. The Portuguese Empire Started in 1420 under the sponsorship of Henry the Navigator Started in 1420 under the sponsorship of Henry the Navigator Portuguese fleets traveled south along the coast of Africa…found a source of gold Portuguese fleets traveled south along the coast of Africa…found a source of gold

5. The Portuguese Empire 1488 – Bartholomew Dias found a route around the horn of Africa 1488 – Bartholomew Dias found a route around the horn of Africa 1498 – Vasco de Gama made a profit of several thousand percent on a load of spices from India 1498 – Vasco de Gama made a profit of several thousand percent on a load of spices from India

6. The Portuguese Empire Portuguese then destroyed Muslim fleets to gain control of the spice trade Portuguese then destroyed Muslim fleets to gain control of the spice trade Portuguese did not colonize Asia because of the lack of weapons and ships Portuguese did not colonize Asia because of the lack of weapons and ships

7. Voyages of Columbus Spanish decided to look for a western route to Asia Spanish decided to look for a western route to Asia Columbus convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to fund his expedition Columbus convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to fund his expedition

8. Voyages of Columbus October of 1492, landed at Cuba and the island of Hispaniola October of 1492, landed at Cuba and the island of Hispaniola Columbus believed he had reached Asia Columbus believed he had reached Asia

9. Voyages of Columbus Three more voyages Three more voyages Reached the major islands of the Caribbean and Honduras in Central America Reached the major islands of the Caribbean and Honduras in Central America Called the region the Indies Called the region the Indies

10. Line of Demarcation 1490’s – Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the world into two spheres of influence 1490’s – Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the world into two spheres of influence Treaty of Tordesillas – line would extend north to south through the Atlantic Ocean and eastern South America Treaty of Tordesillas – line would extend north to south through the Atlantic Ocean and eastern South America Territories east of the line would belong to Portugal, west to Spain Territories east of the line would belong to Portugal, west to Spain

11. Race to the Americas Other explorers realized Columbus had discovered a new frontier Other explorers realized Columbus had discovered a new frontier John Cabot explored the New England coastline for the English John Cabot explored the New England coastline for the English Europeans called this territory the New World Europeans called this territory the New World

12. Spanish Empire Spain sent conquistadors to the Americas Spain sent conquistadors to the Americas Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec Empire in Central Mexico Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec Empire in Central Mexico By 1550 Spain controlled northern Mexico By 1550 Spain controlled northern Mexico Pizarro took control of the Incan empire Pizarro took control of the Incan empire

13. Spanish Empire By 1535, Queen Isabella declared Native Americans as her subjects By 1535, Queen Isabella declared Native Americans as her subjects Spaniards were to use Indians as labor Spaniards were to use Indians as labor Supposed to protect Indians Supposed to protect Indians Most natives died from overwork, and disease Most natives died from overwork, and disease Catholic missionaries converted many of the Natives Catholic missionaries converted many of the Natives

14. Other Rivals Spain conquers the Philippines to use as a base of operations in the Pacific Spain conquers the Philippines to use as a base of operations in the Pacific Beginning in 1600, the English established colonies in India Beginning in 1600, the English established colonies in India Dutch formed West India Company in North America Dutch formed West India Company in North America English seized Dutch colonies in New York English seized Dutch colonies in New York English also founded Virginia and Massachusetts English also founded Virginia and Massachusetts French set up sugar plantations in Caribbean and also colonized parts of Canada and Louisiana French set up sugar plantations in Caribbean and also colonized parts of Canada and Louisiana