1. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Spain Builds an Empire The Portuguese in Brazil French, Dutch, and English Colonies in the Americas Quick Facts: Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War Map: Colonies in the Americas Struggle for North America

2. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Reading Focus Why did New France grow so slowly? How did the establishment and growth of the English colonies grow? Why did Europeans compete for power in North America & how did their struggle affect Native Americans? Main Idea: In the 1600s, France, the Netherlands, England, & Sweden joined Spain in settling North America. North America did not yield vast treasure or offer a water passage to Asia, as they had hoped. However, by the 1700s they were turning large profits. Struggle for North America

3. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas: Section 3 Color Transparency 91: Colonies in the Americas 4 of 6

4. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Building New France The French began exploring the coast of Canada as they fished for Cod. In 1534, Jacques Cartier arrived and soon discovered the St. Lawrence River. He claimed much of eastern Canada for France. Missionaries and Fur traders traveled inland and down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. In 1608, the first permanent French settlement was established at Quebec. 1 of 6 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas Section 3: Struggle for North America Witness History Audio: A Piece of the Past Color Transparency 91: Colonies In the Americas Note Taking Transparency 112

5. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Native American hunters were the French traders’ main source of furs. Many traders married Native American women, intermingling the two cultures. Silver and gold from American colonies began to circulate in Europe; other European countries paid close attention. Leaders in France, England, and the Netherlands decided that they needed to establish colonies in the Americas. French explorers established colonies in New France, or Canada Hoped this would be a rich source for gold, silver Did not find riches, but found other potentially valuable trade goods New France French, Dutch, and English Colonies in the Americas Waters of North Atlantic swarming with fish, staple of European diet Forests yielded valuable furs French did not send large numbers of colonists; small groups of traders Did not enslave Native Americans Trade and Colonization

6. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 1682, René-Robert La Salle canoed down entire Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico Claimed enormous Mississippi region, tributaries for France Named huge, fertile area Louisiana, after King Louis XIV Mississippi to Gulf of Mexico A few French explorers headed south to seek more lands to claim 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded city of Quebec French also explored Mississippi River Thought it flowed to Pacific, would provide route to Asia South from New France Further Explorations

7. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Trade Interests Dutch who came to North America interested in trade Only large colony, New Netherland, in Hudson River valley Slow Growth in Americas New Netherland did not grow Dutch focused on developing colonies in other parts of world Other colonies more profitable New Amsterdam 1626, governor bought island of Manhattan from Wappinger Founded city of New Amsterdam, later New York City More Valuable Goods Produced goods that could not be obtained in Europe, Americas Caribbean sugar, Asian spices more valuable The Dutch of New Netherland

8. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 The 13 English Colonies John Cabot claimed Newfoundland for England in 1497. The English established colonies along the eastern coast of the present-day United States. The first colony at Jamestown, Virginia, struggled until the settlers began to grow and export tobacco. In Plymouth, Massachusetts, Pilgrims set up a colony in which to practice their religion freely. In the 1600s and 1700s, England established 13 colonies, which were overseen by royal governors. However, each colony had its own elected representative assembly and they were largely self-governed. 2 of 6 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas Section 3: Struggle for North America

9. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 1607, first English colony established at Jamestown Settlers hoped to find gold, silver, river route to Pacific Instead found marshy ground, impure water 80 percent of settlers died during first winter in America Colony still endured 1620, Pilgrims sailed from England Pilgrims had been persecuted in England for religious beliefs Established colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts Persevered despite difficulties Colony self-sufficient within 5 years Pilgrims English settlers did not share same relationship with Native Americans as French, Dutch Jamestown, Plymouth colonies received aid from local peoples Still, colonists viewed Native Americans with distrust, anger Native Americans The English Colonies

10. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Struggling for Power By the late 1600s, Spain, France, England, the Netherlands competed for control of North American lands. Native Americans joined different sides of the struggle. The disagreements between Britain and France came to war in North America in 1754. This French and Indian War ended with the British gaining Canada and French lands east of the Mississippi. 3 of 6 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas Section 3: Struggle for North America Geography Interactive: Land Claims in the Americas, About 1700 QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency

11. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Problems English ran into conflict with French settlers in Americas Mid-1700s, English colonists attempted to settle in French territory, upper Ohio River valley; tension in region grew; war broke out, 1754 Costly War Eventually French surrendered, yielded Canada, all French territory east of Mississippi War costly for British; king tried to place costs of war on colonists Led to resentment, which eventually brought about American Revolution French and Indian War Both had Native American allies; English called it French and Indian War War began badly for British; French had more soldiers than English British turned tide, took city of Quebec British-French Conflict

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14. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Sequence What series of events led to the French and Indian War? Answer(s): English attempted to settle in Ohio River valley; tension grew between English and French; Native Americans allied with each side

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16. Exploration and Expansion Section 2 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas: Section 3 Progress Monitoring Transparency 6 of 6