1. Cell Organelles and Functions

2. 08/11/09Free template from www.brainybetty.com 2 Prokaryotic – simple, single celled organisms that lack a true nucleus. Genetic material not separated from rest of cell –Can exist in a large range of environments. They can live in hot, harsh temperatures They can live without oxygen Some can even make their own food

3. 08/11/09Free template from www.brainybetty.com 3 Eukaryotic – cells that contain a true nucleus. –EX: PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS –Genetic material inside a nucleus –Considered to be complex (compared to prokaryotic)‏ –Houses various organelles that do specific jobs within the cell

4. 08/11/09Free template from www.brainybetty.com 4 An organelle is a structure that carries out specific activities in the cell. –Term means little organ What is an organelle?

7. Organelles of the cell

8. What type of cells are you?? Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic?

9. Eukaryotic cells dozens of structures and internal membranes, and many are highly specialized. also contain a nucleus

10. The Plasma Membrane is like the SKIN of the cell. The Cell Membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. “SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE” Contained in both Plant & Animal.

11. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 11 Cytoplasm Gel/JELLO like substance inside cell where organelles are housed. Used as transport medium for ribosomes and other organelles

12. Nucleus Gives instructions to the rest of the cell for how to make proteins and other important molecules CONTROL CENTER It contains nearly all the cells DNA Tom Callahan- Tommy Boy

13. Components of the nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Nucleolus

14. Nuclear envelope Surrounds the nucleus Contains thousands of pores that let materials flow into and out of the cell

15. Chromatin Granular material that surrounds the nucleolus. It is made of DNA twisted around a protein.

16. Chromosomes When a cell divides, chromatin condenses into chromosomes Thread like structures that contain genetic information of a cell

17. Nucleolus Contained within the nucleus Where the assembly of ribosomes begins

18. Prokaryotes do not contain a nucleus. Q: If the nucleus controls most of the cell processes in eukaryotes, how can prokaryotes live without a nucleus?

19. Answer The most important part of a nucleus is the DNA it contains, and prokaryotes have DNA without having a nucleus

20. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 20 THE “MIGHTY” Mitochondria Organelle that gets energy (ATP) from organic compounds. AKA “Powerhouse of the cell” Mitochondria - Makes energy in the form of ATP ATP are produced to “power” the cell.

21. Mitochondria The power house of the cell Factories hooked up to local power companies Converts one source of energy into a more useful one. Coal, gas, etc.

23. Ribosomes It is the smallest organelle Protein synthesis (makes proteins)‏ Factory workers in Tommy Boy- Produce brake pads

24. Endoplasmic Reticulum

25. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 25 Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough -Long system of membranes that move proteins through cell

26. Rough ER Has cells that produce large amounts of protein for export

27. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 27 Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth- does not contain ribosomes (looks smooth). Makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances.

28. Smooth ER Has specialized tasks including synthesis of membrane lipids Detoxification of drugs Seen in huge amounts in the liver cells

29. Smooth ER do not have ribosomes attached to them. They make and store lipids and are responsible for the detoxification of drugs.

30. Golgi Apparatus Where proteins go after the endoplasmic reticulum It modifies, sorts and packages proteins for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell Customizing shop

31. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 31 Golgi Apparatus Flattened membrane bound sacs for packing and distributing materials throughout the cell

33. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 33 Lysosome Small, spherical organelles that contain the cells digestive enzymes

34. Lysosomes The clean up crew Filled with enzymes that digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules Recycle worn out cell parts

36. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 36 Vacuole Membrane bound space. In plants central vacuole stores water and other substances

37. Vacuole Storage compartments Big central vacuole in plant cells Largest organelle in the plant cell Vacuole

39. Centrioles Centrioles help in cell division. They are found only in animal cells.

41. Chloroplasts Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy Photosynthesis Solar cars

42. CHLOROPLASTS

43. Chloroplasts where PHOTOSYNTHESIS occurs. Contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps the energy from light. Found in plant cells and some protists, NOT found in animal cells.

44. 6/23/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com 44 Cell wall Rigid structure found outside cell membrane of plants. Made of proteins and carbohydrates Cell Wall - Supports the cell. It is found in plant cells NOT animal cells.

45. supports and protects the plant cell and is found outside of the plasma membrane. It is made of cellulose, which is the main component in wood and paper. Cell Wall

46. Cytoskeleton A network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Microtubules Microfilaments

47. Microtubules Hollow and made of protein Aid in cell structure Pull chromosomes apart during cell division Help build cilia and flagella

49. Microfilaments Threadlike structures made of protein Form extensive networks Tough flexible framework supports the cell

50. Supports the cell’s structure. Some help the cell move in its environment. II. Cytoskeleton “cyto- cell, -skeleton – support structure” Examples: cilia – short, hair-like structures flagella – long, tail-like structure

51. How is this like cytoskeleton?

52. Bacteria Characteristics ALIVE!!! Single celled 2 kingdoms Cell wall and membrane They have Genetic Material (DNA)‏ Don’t need a host to multiply Heat can kill them (Eubacteria)‏

53. What they do… They Cause these reactions (IMMUNE RESPONSE): - Skin rash/ lesions - elevated body temp - Swollen glands or tissues When not treated bacteria will continue to release TOXINS into your body and make you more sick. Use flagella and cilia to move about.

54. ANTIBIOTICS = chemicals that interfere with the life processes of bacteria

55. Viruses

56. Characteristics of Viruses They are NOT ALIVE!!!! Non-cellular They have genetic material in nucleic acids (DNA / RNA)‏ Cannot grow or replicate on their own, thus reproduce inside of a living host cell Parasitic Lack ribosome and enzymes needed for protein synthesis or metabolism.

57. Structure of a virus DNA or RNA core surrounded by protein sheath is called a capsid Envelope: – lipid rich covering around capsid – formed from host cell membrane – may have spikes to help chemically recognize and attach to host cell. – Shape is determined by arrangement of proteins making up capsid

58. Examples: Small pox Measles Influenza (a.k.a. The FLU)‏ Colds AIDS (HIV)‏ Herpes Simplex I (cold sores) Herpes Simplex II (genital herpes)‏ Ebola