1. By: Engr Kelechi Eke B.Eng (UNN), MBA (Uniben), MNSE, MNIEEE, MSPE, MNIM, MIPM, PMP, CFM, FMP, Certified Six Sigma Green Belt Professional

2. Outline Introduction to Facility Management Introduction to Comfort Cooling: Refrigeration Cycle and its Components Role of Comfort Cooling in Facility Management Challenges facing the Comfort Cooling Industry in Nigeria Proffered Solutions Adaptation of Trends in Comfort Cooling into Modern Facility Management Conclusion

3. Introduction to Facility Management (FM) FM – a profession that ensures functionality of the built environment by integrating people, places, processes and technology Core areas: Planning & project management Operation & maintenance Real estate Quality assessment & innovation Leadership & management Human & environmental factors Finance Communication Technology

4. Introduction to Comfort Cooling HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (Comfort Cooling) Regulate the air within an enclosed environment to create comfort Types – Direct Expansion & Chilled Water Temperature 23oc ± 0.5oc Relative humidity 50% Air draft

5. Refrigeration Cycle LP vapour HT vapourHP liquid LP LT liquid

6. Role of Comfort Cooling in FM Temperature Relative humidity Air filtration Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Fire fighting Safe & hypoallergenic atmosphere (hospitals) Equipment rooms Preservation of materials

7. Challenges facing Comfort Cooling Industry in Nigeria Poor understanding of refrigeration cycle Insufficient understanding of cooling and heating load calculations Lack of regulations Use of outdated comfort cooling technology Limited exposure of professionals Apprenticeship method of learning Poor operation & maintenance practice

8. Adaptation of Trends in Comfort Cooling into Modern FM Ozone-friendly/non-ozone-friendly units Montreal Protocol (1987), Kyoto Protocol (1997) CFC refrigerants (R-11, R-12, R-113, R-114) HCFC refrigerants (R-22, R123) HFC refrigerants (R-407c, R-410a) 3Rs of refrigerant management Recovery Re-cycling Re-claiming Use of power savings technology in comfort cooling systems Variable speed drives Rotary & scroll compressors SEER rating in making purchase decisions Cooling capacity (BTU) / Input electrical energy (W-hr)

9. Adaptation of Trends in Comfort Cooling into Modern FM SBS, IAQ, BRI Use of correct rating of AC systems What does 2hp, 3hp AC unit actually mean? ‘Net zero energy use’ facilities

10. Benefits of integration of Comfort Cooling into modern FM Design cost savings Reduced maintenance cost Growth of HVAC profession Ease of operation (simplicity) Reduction of greenhouses gases

11. How to integrate comfort cooling into modern FM Incorporate into curriculum in higher institutions Synergy on training: NSE & HVAC companies (Holt Leasing, etc) Synergy on regulations: COREN, NSE & professional/regulatory institutions (IFMA, ASHRAE, etc) Government incentives (greenhouse gases & emission control) International collaboration

12. Conclusion Create and increase awareness Increase effort & determination Seek collaboration & synergy

13. Purchase Decision 1 Product X hp: 2 Cooling capacity: 18,000BTU Cost: N88,000.00 Maintainability & Reliability: high Product Y hp: 2 Cooling capacity: 19,000BTU Cost: N88,000.00 Maintainability & Reliability: high

14. Purchase Decision 2 Product X hp: 3 Cooling capacity: 24,000BTU Cost: N180,000.00 Maintainability & Reliability: high SEER: 24 Product Y hp: 3 Cooling capacity: 24,000BTU Cost: N180,000.00 Maintainability & Reliability: high SEER: 21

15. Purchase Decision 3 Product X hp: 5 Cooling capacity: 40,000BTU Cost: N350,000.00 Maintainability & Reliability: high SEER: 23 Product Y hp: 5 Cooling capacity : 35,000BTU Cost: N380,000.00 Maintainability & Reliability: high SEER: 25

16. Thank you!