1. Sexual Reproduction in Plants C10L3P2

2. Genesis 1:11-13 11 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb that yields seed, and the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in itself, on the earth"; and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 13 So the evening and the morning were the third day.

3. Sexual reproduction occurs when a plant’s sperm combines with a plant’s ovum. The resulting zygote can grow into a plant that is a genetic combination of its parents.

4. Unlike seedless plants, the haploid generation of a seed plant is within diploid tissue. Separate diploid male and diploid female reproductive structures produce haploid sperm and haploid eggs that join during fertilization. How do seed plants reproduce?

5. In plants gametes are produced in flowers, cones, or other special structures.

6. Flowerless seed plants are known as gymnosperms. The most common gymnosperms are conifers, such as pines, firs, cypresses, redwoods, and yews. Cones are the male and female reproductive structures of conifers. How do seed plants reproduce?

7. Two Types of Cones Staminate and Ovulate

8. Staminate Cones The pollen-producing cones Small, green, and inconspicuous near the tips of the branches Shed after the pollen season is over

9. Ovulate Cones The seed-producing cones Larger than staminate cones Size range: 1-2 inches Woody structures consisting of layers of cone scales Seeds develop between the cone scales Seeds are generally winged

10. Flowering seed plants are called angiosperms. Reproduction of an angiosperm begins in a flower, most of which have male and female reproductive structures. How do seed plants reproduce?

11. Flowers have one primary function for the plant: to produce seeds for reproduction.

12. A flower’s color, shape, and smell is designed by God to help carry out the flower’s reproductive processes.

13. Flowers A typical flower consists of 4 different types of appendages [sepals, petals, stamens, carpels (pistils)].

14. Arrangement of flower parts There may be few or many of each of the four types, but each type usually is positioned on the flower base in the same relative location. sepals – outermost petals – inside sepals stamens – inside petals carpels – in the center

15. sepal the leaflike outermost structure of a flower; usually green (some exceptions like the tulip – the tulip’s sepals are the same color and size as its petals

16. sepal (collectively called the calyx) protects the other floral parts as they develop in the bud

17. petal any of the brightly colored leaflike structures (often the largest and most colorful parts)

18. petal (collectively called the corolla) they attract insects and animals with their showy colors and sweet nectar

19. stamen the male reproductive part of a flower the organ which produces pollen (contains sperm)

20. Two parts of the stamen Filament Anther

21. filament slender, elongated stalk bears the anther

22. anther the enlarged structure at the tip of the stamen (knobby sac) produces the pollen

23. pollen each kind of pollen has a definite shape and surface texture; many are covered with spikes or knobs

24. Carpels (pistil) elongated, vase- shaped female reproductive part of a flower the central structure in a flower

25. Parts of the Carpel Stigma Style Ovary

26. stigma the tip of the pistil that receives pollen (often sticky)

27. style the stalklike structure of the pistil

28. ovary the swollen base of the pistil that contains the future seeds

29. ovules the future seeds (contain ova)

30. A pollen grain forms in a male reproductive structure of a seed plant. Pollen grains produce sperm cells which can be carried to female reproductive structures by wind, animals, gravity, or water currents. The female reproductive structure of a seed plant where the haploid ovum develops is called the ovule. How do seed plants reproduce?

31. pollination the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma

32. types of pollination self-pollination: occurs in the same flower or with another flower of the same plant cross-pollination: from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant

33. Self-pollination

34. Cross-pollination

35. Following pollination, sperm enter the ovule and fertilization occurs. A zygote forms and develops into an embryo, an immature diploid plant. How do seed plants reproduce?

36. An embryo, its food supply, and a protective covering make up a seed. How do seed plants reproduce?

37. after pollination the fertilized ovum is a zygote that grows into a tiny embryo plant the ovule develops into a seed (The seed contains the embryo, some stored food, and a protective coat) the ovary develops into a fruit