1. TOP0LOGYTOP0LOGY Asrar Mulla – CO4E ‘B’ Abrar Mulla – CO4E ‘B’ Shoaib Khan – CO4E ‘B’ Aamir Khan – CO4E ‘B’ Fazal Sayed – CO4E ‘B’

2. WHAT IS TOPOLOGY? Topology is a physical layout such as design,shape,structure,formats,diagram,interconn ection etc.

3. NETWORK TOPOLOGY It is a graphical representation of the relationship of all the links connecting the devices. There are six types of network topology. 1. Bus 2. Ring 3. Star 4. Mesh 5. Tree 6. Hybrid

4. BUS TOPOLOGY There is one back-bone cable in this topology. BNC TERMINAL CONNECTOR is connected with dropline for branching. Signal is free to travel throughout the cable in bus topology. We should properly terminate both end so that signal are not replicated and other network are not disturbed.

5. Working Of Bus Topology When computer sends a signal it transmit's in every direction. Only the receving cable accept the signal and other reject.

6. ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY 1) Easy to implement & extend. 2) Easy to install. 3) Suaitable for small network. 4) Cost is low as compared to other topology. 5) Easy identification of cable fault.

7. Disadvantages Of Bus Topology 1) Limited cable length & number of computer. 2) If there is a problem with the cable the entire network breaks down. 3) Proper termination is required. 4) Performance degrades as additional computers are added. 5) Only one can transmit at a time. Hence communication becomes slightly slow.

8. RING TOPOLOGY In ring topology each computer is connected to next computer and the last computer is connected to the first computer. It means that all the computer are connected with each other and form a close loop.There is no termination of cable because every computer is connected to each other. The communication between the computer takes place with the help of token.

9. Working Of Ring Topology When computer sends a signal it transmits in single direction.

10. ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY 1) Easy to install. 2) Easy to identify. 3) Less Cabeling is Required. 4) Cost is Low. 5) All the terminal/host/pc are having equal access to the resources.

11. DISADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY 1 The failure of one machine will cause the entire network down. 2 Only one machine can transmit on a network at a time. 3 Traffic flow is only in one direction. 4 Speed is Low. 5 Adding or removing only one computer will disturb the entire network activity.

12. STAR TOPOLOGY In star topology each computer is connected to the central unit called hub.Each Computer on a star network communicates with each other via central unit (hub).Hub is responsible for broadcasting the signal to all other computers.In star topology twisted pear cable is used.Hub in a star network can be active or passive.

13. In star topology communication between the computers take place with the help of token.

14. Advantages of Star Topology 1.Easy to install and manage. 2.Easy to troubleshoot. 3.If one or two network is added to the computer it will not disturb the other computers. 4.The failure of one machine will not cause the entire network down. 5.It is fast as compared to ring topology.

15. Disadvantages Of Star Topology 1.The failure of central unit (hub) will bring the entire network down. 2.Cable cost is expensive. 3.Cost of network is high because of networking devices. 4.More expensive then ring topology.

16. MESH TOPOLOGY In this topology all the computers and networking devices are interconnected with each other.It means that each device has a dedicated point to point link to every other device.The term dedicated means that the link carries only between two devices.

17. Mesh topology does not have traffic connection problem because dedicated links are being used.

18. Advantages Of Mesh Topology 1.Expansion & modification in the topology can be done without disturbing other nodes. 2.The use of dedicated link guarantees that each connection can carry own data load. 3.It provides security and security because each message is send through a dedicated link. 4.Fault in isolation is simple because of point to point connection.

19. Disadvantages Of Mesh Topology 1.Cabeling cost is more. 2.Suitable for small network. 3.Installation and reconnection are difficult. 4.Hardware required to each link is expensive.

20. TREE TOPOLOGY Tree topology connects multiple star topology together with a common network device.It is a variation of star topology(expansion).Its structure is like a tree.In tree topology there is a network device,sub-network devices and at the last computer will be connected to sub-devices.

21. In tree topology communication between the computers take place with the help of token.(same as star topology)

22. Advantages Of Tree Topology 1.It is most suitable for big network. 2.This topology is divided into two sub-parts so it becomes more manageable. 3.Failure of one machine will not effect the entire network. 4.Easy to add new node. 5.Easy to install. 6.Fast as compare to other topologies 7.Easy to detect fault and remove fault.

23. Disadvantages Of Tree Topology 1.Cabeling cost is high. 2.Installation cost is high. 3.The failure of central unit (hub) will cause the entire network down. 4.The failure of sub-network device will bring the network down which are connected to it.

24. HYBRID TOPOLOGY Hybrid topology uses a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topology [ Star,Bus,Ring,Mesh ]

25. In above diagram we have Bus,Star and Ring topologies.

26. Advantages Of Hybrid Topology 1.As per our requirement we can combine topologies. 2.It can be design in many ways for various purpose.

27. Disadvantages Of Hybrid Topology 1.Cabeling cost is high. 2.Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shut down.

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