2.  In Spanish, all nouns have gender: they are either masculine or feminine.  Nouns that end in ‘o’ are generally masculine.  el chicothe boy  el librothe book

3.  Nouns that end in ‘a’, ‘ción’, ‘sión’, or ‘dad’ are generally feminine.  la chicathe girl  la puertathe door  la presentaciónthe presentation  la naciónthe nation  la televisiónthe television  la posibilidadthe possibility

4.  The gender of some nouns must be learned with the nouns themselves since they may not fall into one of these categories.  Ejemplos:  el díathe day  la tardethe afternoon  la nochethe night  Some nouns have only one form, and the gender is determined by the article.  el estudiantethe student (masc)  la estudiantethe student (fem)

5.  Definite articles ( the in English) refer to specific things or people.  Indefinite articles ( a or an in English) refer to nonspecific things or people.  Por ejemplo:  I want to read the book that you have.  (a specific book)  I want to read a book.  (any book)  Definite and indefinite articles must agree with the noun they describe in gender and number.

6.  In Spanish, the definite articles (the) are either el or la.  el is masculine  el colegiothe high school  la is feminine  la escuelathe school

7.  In Spanish, the indefinite articles (a or an) are un or una.  un colegioa high school  una escuelaa school  un aviónan airplane  una manzanaan apple  Un and una can also mean one when used before a singular noun.

8.  The plural forms of el and la are los and las.  The plural forms of un and una are unos and unas.  Unos and unas are usually translated as some.  Ejemplos:  Los librosthe books  Unos librossome books  Las revistasthe magazines  Unas revistassome magazines

9.  In Spanish, all adjectives MUST AGREE with the noun they describe in both gender and number.  To make a noun plural if it ends in a vowel, add ‘s’.  To make a noun plural if it ends in a consonant, add ‘es’.  The descriptive adjective usually follows the noun it describes.  The pretty girlla muchacha bonita

10. 1. The girl 2. A boy 3. The blonde girl 4. A lazy boy 5. A shy girl 6. The serious girls 7. Some funny boys 8. An honest girl

11. 1. La muchacha 2. Un muchacho 3. La muchacha rubia 4. Un muchacho perezoso 5. Una muchacha tímida 6. Las muchachas serias 7. Unos muchachos cómicos/graciosos 8. Una muchacha honesta