1. GENDER Chapter 6 Grammar Notes

2. GENDER IN LATIN Latin nouns have GENDER, which we don’t think much about in English. There are 3 GENDERS in Latin: Masculine Feminine Neuter (Literally, “neither” in Latin; more on these later)

3. BASIC RULES Not surprisingly... Women and girls are feminine: Flavia, Cornelia, puella, femina Boys and men are masculine: Marcus, Cornelius, puer, vir

4. BASIC RULES In general... Nouns that end in -a are Feminine in gender Piscina, villa, aqua Nouns that end in -us are Masculine in gender Hortus, ramus, cibus

5. NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES When an adjective is used to modify a noun, it must take on the GENDER of that noun.  Example: Puella Romana (Roman girl) vs. Puer Romanus (Roman boy) If an adjective is modifying a feminine noun, it needs to end in ___, if it’s modifying a masculine noun, it needs to end in ____. -a -us

6. TELL THE GENDER OF EACH NOUN BELOW: Flavia Stola Am īcus R āmus Amīca Dāvus  Feminine  Masculine  Feminine  Masculine

7. NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES: DIRECT OBJECTS If a noun is a direct object of a sentence, the adjective must change to agree with the noun.  Example:  Puella Romana  Servus Romanus Puellam Romanam Servum Romanum

8. WHAT IF THE NOUN DOESN’T END IN –A OR –US? Some nouns don’t end in –a or –us. Some are easy to figure out: Puer: Vir: What about some trickier words: Clamor: Arbor: We can figure out these words by looking at the adjective that is modifying them: Clamor magnus (the large noise) Arbor magna (the large tree) Masculine Feminine

9. TELL THE GENDER OF EACH NOUN BELOW: Di ēs calidus Puella laeta Clamor magnus Puer laetus Arbor magna Dāvus non est Romanus  Masculine  Feminine  Masculine  Feminine  Masculine