1. FUNTIONAL ANATOMY
FOCUS QUESTION 2. Explain the relationship between anatomical structure and the performance of a physical activity.

2. Agonists & Antagonists

3. As muscles contract and shorten they pull the bones they are connected to
This allows movement to occur over the joint

4. The contracting muscle that causes the movement over the joint is known as the agonist (prime mover)
The muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur on the other side of the joint is known as the antagonist

5. MUSCLE PAIRS
Muscles always work in pairs. This is because they can only pull on bones. As one muscle pulls, the other relaxes
Biceps brachii – Triceps brachii
Gastrocnemius – Tibialis Anterior
Quadriceps – Hamstrings
Gluteus Maximus – Ilio Psoas (groin muscle)
Anterior Deltoid/Pectoralis Major – Latissimus Dorsi

6. Knee Flexion & Extension
During knee flexion:
Hamstring = agonist
Quadriceps = antagonist
During knee extension:
Quadriceps = agonist
Hamstrings = antagonist

7. Quadriceps = agonist Hamstrings = antagonist

8. Activity
Joint
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Leg Press
Knee

9. Activity
Joint
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Leg Press
Elbow

10. Activity
Joint
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Bicep Curl
Elbow

11. 2 1
1) Joint
Action
Muscle
2) Joint

12. Activity
Joint
Action
Agonist
Antagonist

13. 1) Joint
Action
Muscle
2) Joint
Ankle
Knee
3) Joint
Action
Muscle
Hip