1. Watergate Burglary at Watergate Hotel, June 1972 Burglary at Watergate Hotel, June 1972 Woodward and Bernstein Woodward and Bernstein –“Deep Throat” Senate investigation and tapes Senate investigation and tapes Impeachment charges imminent Impeachment charges imminent –Hindering investigation, abusing power of the presidency, ignoring subpoena for tapes Nixon resigned August 9, 1974 before impeachment Nixon resigned August 9, 1974 before impeachment

2. Ford and Carter Administrations 1974-19761976-1980 Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess the leadership of Presidents Ford and Carter

3. What do they have in Common? Whiskey Rebels (1794) Vietnam War Draft Dodgers (1968) Confederate Soldiers (1863)

4. Powers of the President Article II, Section II of the Constitution Article II, Section II of the Constitution –The President “shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.” What is a pardon? What is a pardon? –The act of forgiving a person of a crime How has President Obama used this power recently? How has President Obama used this power recently? –Non-violent drug offenders Trivia of the Day: Trivia of the Day: –Andrew Johnson utilized this power more than any other president  Pardoned more than 7,000 people

5. What do they have in Common? Whiskey Rebels (1794) Vietnam War Draft Dodgers (1977) Confederate Soldiers (1865)

6. What do they have in Common? Whiskey Rebels (1794) Vietnam War Draft Dodgers (1977) Confederate Soldiers (1865) Richard Nixon (1974)

7. Questions to Ponder Was ‘Deep Throat’ a hero or traitor? Was ‘Deep Throat’ a hero or traitor? Should journalists utilize anonymous sources? Should journalists utilize anonymous sources? How did Watergate affect Americans’ perceptions of the Presidency? How did Watergate affect Americans’ perceptions of the Presidency? Did President Ford do the right thing in pardoning Nixon? Did President Ford do the right thing in pardoning Nixon? Mark Felt #2 FBI agent revealed in 2005 as source “Deep Throat” Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein

8. Impact of the Pardon Ford Presidential approval ratings plummet and hinder his effectiveness Ford Presidential approval ratings plummet and hinder his effectiveness –71% in August 1974 –42% in October 1974 American citizens harbor distrust for the government and those they label as “D.C. insiders” American citizens harbor distrust for the government and those they label as “D.C. insiders” –Leads to the election of Jimmy Carter – the governor of Georgia

9. Gerald Ford Helsinki Accords (1975) Helsinki Accords (1975) –Reduced tensions between the USSR and Western countries –Attempted to solve territorial, human rights, among other issues –Ford’s greatest accomplishment

10. 1976 Election 1976 Campaign Advertisements

11. Jimmy Carter “Washington Outsider” “Washington Outsider” –Pros/cons –One-term GA governor Devout Baptist Devout Baptist Controversial draft pardons Controversial draft pardons More Stagflation More Stagflation –Energy crisis –Foreign competition Campaign T-Shirt

12. Oil Embargo

13. Carter’s Foreign Policy Emphasis on human rights Emphasis on human rights Tensions with USSR Tensions with USSR –’79 Afghan invasion Panama Canal Panama Canal –Returned in 1999 Camp David Accords Camp David Accords –Israel and Egypt end war in 1978

14. Carter’s Downfall Iran-Hostage Crisis Iran-Hostage Crisis  Remember: During Ike’s Administration… CIA-led coup to place pro-American Shah Reza Pahlavi in power 1979, rise of Ayatollah Khomeini (militant Islamic fundamentalist) Shah overthrown American embassy overrun (66 hostages taken) Hostages released after Reagan inauguration (444 days)

15. Leads to… Reagan!