1. How far did the Personal Rule create opposition : 1629-1640? Was it really an ‘Eleven Years’ Tyranny?

2. How government worked after 1629: Court of Star Chamber King Charles Court of High Commission (ecclesiastical) Privy Council Richard Weston (Lord Treasurer d.1635) William Laud (A. of Cantab) William Juxon

3. In 1629 the Royal debt stood at £2 million. Lord Treasurer Richard Weston set out to reduce it using ‘Fiscal feudalism’ Reduced pension by one third Cut down household expenditure Increased fines of Catholics (X5) Peace with Spain and France led to trade boom Resurrection of medieval prerogative revenues (Forest fines/Distraint Of knighthood/ ship money)

4. ‘Fiscal Feudalism’…did it work? Total income by mid-1630s £900,000 (up from £600,000) Forest Fines£ 38,667 Wardship£ 75,000 p.a Customs Duties£ 425,000 p.a Monopolies£ 33,000 Recusancy fines£ 26,866 p.a Distraint of knighthood£ 175,000 Ship Money£ 200,000 p.a …but at what political cost?

5. How has the personal Rule been interpreted differently? G. M Trevelyan The years 1629-1640 were a time of oppression : an ‘Eleven Years’ Tyranny.’ The voice of an opposition (Parliament) was gone. Kevin Sharpe The years 1629-40 was a time of peace, prosperity and efficient government. Charles sought to present the Court as the ‘image of virtue.’