1. Early Days of the Space Program Space Technology and Early Space Missions

2. Race for Space Early on – race was between Russia (USSR) and the USA. Early on – race was between Russia (USSR) and the USA. Cold War competition for superiority. Cold War competition for superiority. Russia puts the first artificial satellite into space – Sputnik - October 4, 1957 Russia puts the first artificial satellite into space – Sputnik - October 4, 1957 the size of a beach ball - 22.8 inches in diameter the size of a beach ball - 22.8 inches in diameter weighed only 183.9 pounds weighed only 183.9 pounds took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.

3. First Man in Space Yuri Gagarin – Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin – Russian cosmonaut April 12, 1961 April 12, 1961

4. First American in Space Alan Shepard – May 5, 1961 Alan Shepard – May 5, 1961 During Project Mercury (1959-1963) During Project Mercury (1959-1963) Objective was to orbit a man in space safely Objective was to orbit a man in space safely Shepard orbited Earth in the Freedom 7 capsule for 15 minutes. Shepard orbited Earth in the Freedom 7 capsule for 15 minutes.

5. America’s 2 nd Project Project Gemini – roughly ran from 1962-1966 Project Gemini – roughly ran from 1962-1966 Objectives Objectives To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration To link two spacecrafts in space To link two spacecrafts in space All objectives were precursor for the moon landing project in the works All objectives were precursor for the moon landing project in the works

6. To the Moon Project Apollo Project Apollo Objectives (1968-1972) Objectives (1968-1972) To establish the technology to meet other national interests in space; To establish the technology to meet other national interests in space; To achieve preeminence in space for the United States; To achieve preeminence in space for the United States; To carry out a program of scientific exploration of the Moon; To carry out a program of scientific exploration of the Moon; To develop man's capability to work in the lunar environment. To develop man's capability to work in the lunar environment.

7. Apollo 11 – First Successful Manned Mission to the Moon July 16 – 24, 1969 July 16 – 24, 1969 Men aboard Men aboard Neil A. Armstrong – 1 st Man on the Moon Neil A. Armstrong – 1 st Man on the Moon "THAT'S ONE SMALL STEP FOR A MAN, ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND." "THAT'S ONE SMALL STEP FOR A MAN, ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND." Michael Collins Michael Collins Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.

8. Main Technology Used by World Space Agencies Today Rockets Rockets Satellites Satellites Probes Probes Shuttles Shuttles Space Stations Space Stations

9. Rockets Used as propulsion system to get satellites, probes, capsules (earlier in space program), and shuttles into orbit and/or space. Used as propulsion system to get satellites, probes, capsules (earlier in space program), and shuttles into orbit and/or space. Redstone rocket with Mercury capsule Saturn rocket with Apollo capsule

10. Artificial Satellites Man made object launched into orbit… stays in the orbit of Earth. Man made object launched into orbit… stays in the orbit of Earth. Examples include: Examples include: Sputnik Sputnik Hubble Telescope Hubble Telescope Military Satellites Military Satellites Used for weather forecasting, observations of space (space telescopes), military, GPS (global positioning system), mapping Earth’s surface, etc. Used for weather forecasting, observations of space (space telescopes), military, GPS (global positioning system), mapping Earth’s surface, etc.

11. Probes Un-manned craft that leaves Earth’s orbit to travel deeper into space to study other bodies in space. Un-manned craft that leaves Earth’s orbit to travel deeper into space to study other bodies in space. Gave us our first close encounter with far away planets and their moons Gave us our first close encounter with far away planets and their moons Examples include: Examples include: Voyager I & II – traveling out of solar system Voyager I & II – traveling out of solar system Galileo – traveled to Jupiter Galileo – traveled to Jupiter Viking – Mars Viking – Mars Magellan - Venus Magellan - Venus ESA's Huygens – on Saturn’s moon Titan ESA's Huygens – on Saturn’s moon Titan Stardust – Comet Wild 2 Stardust – Comet Wild 2 Importance to space program – collect planet, moon, comet, asteroid information…without risking human life. Importance to space program – collect planet, moon, comet, asteroid information…without risking human life.

12. Probe to Mars Animation

13. Space Shuttles Re-usable space craft which transports people & equipment back and forth to space. Re-usable space craft which transports people & equipment back and forth to space. Is unable to leave Earth’s orbit… cannot go to the moon Is unable to leave Earth’s orbit… cannot go to the moon Examples include: Examples include: Columbia (2003 explosion) Columbia (2003 explosion) Discovery Discovery Challenger (1987 explosion) Challenger (1987 explosion) Pathfinder Pathfinder Atlantis Atlantis Importance to space program – re-usable means more cost effective…has delivered significant structures into orbit – ISS, Hubble Telescope, etc. Importance to space program – re-usable means more cost effective…has delivered significant structures into orbit – ISS, Hubble Telescope, etc.

14. Space Stations Living quarters for people in space with own environmental controls – orbits Earth (artificial satellite) Living quarters for people in space with own environmental controls – orbits Earth (artificial satellite) Examples include: Examples include: International Space Station (current) International Space Station (current) Skylab (out of commission) Skylab (out of commission) Mir (Russian – out of commission) Mir (Russian – out of commission)