1. Body Organization

2. Anatomy Study of structure of the body Physiology Study of function of the body

3. Body Structures

4. Organized on four levels Cells Tissues Organs Body systems

5. Body Structures Cells Smallest unit Vary in shape and size Perform various functions

6. Body Structures Tissues Combinations of similar cells Composed of 60-99% water

7. Body Structures Organs Tissues working together Heart Stomach lungs

8. Body Structures Body systems Organs working together

9. Cells Most basic unit of life

10. Part of the cell Cell membrane Completely surround cell Semi permeable Selective in allowing certain substances to either enter or exit the cell

11. Part of the cell Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance within cell Contains nutrients, water, pigment

12. Part of the cell Nucleus Controls vital functions of metabolism, growth, and reproduction of the cell Contain chromosomes and genes which determine physical characteristics of organism

13. Part of the cell Nucleolus Located within nucleus Important in cell reproduction

14. Part of the cell Chromatin Located in nucleus Forms chromosomes during cell reproduction

15. Part of the cell Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of cell Release energy responsible for chemical reactions within cell Contain enzymes Proteins that increase speed of reaction without changing their form

16. Part of the cell Endoplasmic reticulum Tubular structures allows for transport of material in and out of nucleus Aids in synthesis and storage of proteins

17. Part of the cell Golgi apparatus Stores, produces secretions for discharge

18. Part of the cell Lysosomes Aid in digestion of old cells and foreign material

19. Parts of the cell Ribosomes Attach to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Work to make protein for the cell structures

20. Cell Division

21. Meiosis Cellular division of human reproductive organs Specific for ovaries and testes only

22. Cell Division Mitosis Cellular division for all other body cells i.e. skin

23. Tissues

24. Formed by group of similar cells 4 major tissue types Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue Muscle tissue

25. Tissues Epithelial tissue Main tissue of skin Lines body cavities and passageways leading to outside of body Forms glands which produce hormones

26. Tissues Connective tissue Supports and connects other tissues and part Soft connective tissue  Adipose  Tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments ( bone to bone) Hard connective tissue  Bone and cartilage

27. Tissues Nerve tissue Made of neurons Carries information between brain and body Composed of brain, nerves, and spinal cord

28. Tissues Muscle tissue Responsible for body movement Three types Skeletal  Attached to bones for movement  voluntary Cardiac  Causes heart to contract  involuntary

29. Tissues Visceral (smooth) Found mainly in organs involuntary

30. Organs

31. Formed by combining of two or more tissues to perform a specific function Combining of body structures to perform a common function is a SYSTEM

32. Body Systems

33. Integumentary Cover body Lines body cavities Skeletal Framework of support/protection Muscular Controls movement of body Respiratory Exhange of gases between air and blood

34. Body Systems Urinary Filters blood an removes waste Digestive Process food and eliminate waste Nervous Regulates activities of all body systems Endocrine Coordinates through hormones

35. Body Systems Sensory Perception of environment Reproductive Provides for reproduction Lymphatic Fight disease

36. The Body Cavities

37. Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 8-5 Body Cavities

38. Body cavities Cranial cavity Contains the brain Contained within the dorsal cavity

39. Body cavities Spinal cavity Contains the spinal cord Contained within the dorsal cavity

40. Body cavities Thoracic cavity Located within the chest Contains heart, lungs, great vessels

41. Body cavities Abdominal cavity Contains abdominal organs Divided into nine regions and four quadrants

42. Body cavities Abdominal cavity Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Contains pancreas, stomach, spleen, large/small intestine Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Most of liver, large/small intestine Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Appendix, some female reproductive organs, some of the intestine Left lower quadrant (LLQ) Some of the intestine and some female reproductive organs

43. Body cavities Pelvic cavity Contains urinary bladder, part of large intestine, some of the female reproductive organs

44. Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 8-6 Body Regions

45. The End for Now